Sandwich pipes are widely used in various piping applications owing to their exceptional pressure resistance and thermal insulation properties. In this paper, the mechanical properties and loading performance of sandwich pipes made of polypropylene material have been investigated under different loading conditions including lateral and axial compression, as well as hydrostatic internal and external pressures. For this purpose, finite element models of sandwich pipes with various designs have been developed. Material properties have been determined through standard experimental tests, and the finite element models have been validated using lateral compression experiments. The results indicate that incorporating annular cores with thinner thickness and greater numbers, along with using a thicker inner pipe in the sandwich pipe structure, improves its properties and performance.
XiangCWangJChenS, et al.Dynamic response of a slender sandwich pipe with a metallic foam core subjected to low-velocity impact. Compos Struct2023; 310: 116751.
2.
XiangCYangBWangM, et al.Dynamic response of fully clamped sandwich pipes under transverse localized impulse. Int J Mech Sci2023; 256: 108527.
3.
QuYChenN-ZYuanL. Cohesive zone model based reliability analysis for a sandwich pipe. Ocean Eng2023; 270: 113550.
4.
Satyanarayana RajuPSharmaAVNLGopichandA. Optimization of sandwich pipes for deepwater applications: an designing approach. Mater Today Proc2023; 89: 34–37.
5.
WangZChenBGuedes SoaresC. Analytical study on the upheaval thermal buckling of sandwich pipes. Mar Struct2022; 85: 103245.
6.
FuGLiMYangJ, et al.The effect of eccentricity on the collapse behaviour of sandwich pipes. Appl Ocean Res2022; 124: 103190.
7.
LiuXZhouCWanF, et al.The difference of dent characteristics between the inner and outer tubes of sandwich pipes under lateral loading. Ocean Eng2023; 271: 113726.
8.
ZhangZZhouDLimYM, et al.Analytical solutions for multilayered pipes with temperature-dependent properties under non-uniform pressure and thermal load. Appl Math Model2022; 106: 369–389.
9.
YuJXuWChenN, et al.Local buckling characteristics of stainless-steel polypropylene deep-sea sandwich pipe under axial tension and external pressure. Energies2021; 14: 4866.
10.
QuispeJLPPasqualinoIPEstefenSF, et al.Structural behavior of threaded connections for sandwich pipes under make-up torque, external pressure, and axial load. Int J Pres Ves Pip2020; 186: 104156.
11.
Reddy RajidiSGuptaAPandaS. Vibration characteristics of viscoelastic sandwich tube conveying fluid. Mater Today Proc2020; 28: 2440–2446.
12.
PanDChenLZhaoQ, et al.Local buckling theoretical calculation method of the FRP foam sandwich cylinder under axial compression. Compos Struct2020; 246: 112371.
13.
WanFGuanFZhouC, et al.Pressure capacity of sandwich pipe with cement-based core configuration under deep-water external pressure. J Sandw Struct Mater2020; 22: 1292–1326.
14.
ZhangJDuJYuanH, et al.Plastic behavior of circular sandwich tubes considering the effect of local denting. Thin-Walled Struct2022; 175: 109268.
15.
YanCWangJSongX. Fatigue behavior and damage mechanism of aluminum foam sandwich with carbon-fiber face-sheets. J Mech Sci Technol2020; 34: 1119–1127.
16.
ZhangJYeYZhuY, et al.On axial splitting and curling behaviour of circular sandwich metal tubes with metal foam core. Int J Solid Struct2020; 202: 111–125.
17.
YuJXuWChenN-Z, et al.Effect of dent defects on the collapse pressure of sandwich pipes. Thin-Walled Struct2022; 170: 108608.
18.
FuGLiMYangJ, et al.A simplified equation for the collapse pressure of sandwich pipes with different core materials. Ocean Eng2022; 254: 111292.
19.
WangHChenYXiZ, et al.Forced vibration of sandwich pipes with zero poisson’s ratio honeycomb core under moving pressure. Int J Pres Ves Pip2023; 202: 104876.
20.
HabbarGHocineAMaiziaA, et al.Failure analysis of biocomposite sandwich pipe under internal pressure – application for high pressure gas transportation pipelines MEDGAZ. Int J Pres Ves Pip2023; 202: 104891.
21.
GuoHZhangJ. Expansion of sandwich tubes with metal foam core under axial compression. J Appl Mech2023; 90: 4056686. DOI: 10.1115/1.4056686.
22.
WuXZhangJ. Axial crushing behaviors of metal density gradient foam-filled square taper tubes: analytical model and numerical calculation. J Appl Mech2023; 90: 091007. DOI: 10.1115/1.4062577.
23.
FuGLiSLianP, et al.Empirical formula of buckle propagation pressure for sandwich pipes with polymer core material. Mar Struct2024; 94: 103564.
24.
FuGYangJLourençoMI, et al.An MINLP model for optimal sandwich pipe design based on structural and thermal criteria. Ocean Eng2024; 293: 116542.
25.
YangYWanFGuanF, et al.Buckling behavior of sandwich pipe under external pressure and lateral load. Int J Pres Ves Pip2024; 207: 105114.
26.
ChenWWanFGuanF, et al.The effect of seabed flexibility on the impact damage behavior of submarine sandwich pipes. Appl Ocean Res2024; 142: 103838.
27.
GuoHYuanHZhangJ, et al.Review of sandwich structures under impact loadings: experimental, numerical and theoretical analysis. Thin-Walled Struct2024; 196: 111541.
28.
HeHLiFLiuK, et al.The disinfectant residues promote the leaching of water contaminants from plastic pipe particles. Environ Pollut2023; 327: 121577.
29.
ShanLXuSPeiY, et al.Effect of domestic pipe materials on microbiological safety of drinking water: different biofilm formation and chlorination resistance for diverse pipe materials. Process Biochem2023; 129: 11–21.
30.
WangQMiaoQWangX, et al.Role of surface physicochemical properties of pipe materials on bio-clogging in leachate collection systems from a thermodynamic perspective. Sci Total Environ2022; 851: 158263.
31.
LiuCZhangXLiuJ, et al.Ageing characteristics and microplastic release behavior from rainwater facilities under ROS oxidation. Sci Total Environ2023; 866: 161397.
32.
XuQGongSHuQ. Collapse analyses of sandwich pipes under external pressure considering inter-layer adhesion behaviour. Mar Struct2016; 50: 72–94.
33.
AnCWangHDuanM. Analysis of heat transfer performance for deepwater phase change material sandwich pipes. In: ASME 2019 38th international conference on ocean, offshore and arctic engineering, Glasgow, Scotland, 9–14 June 2019. American Society of Mechanical Engineers Digital Collection. DOI: 10.1115/OMAE2019-95876.
34.
NettoTASantosJMCEstefenSF. Sandwich pipes for ultra-deep waters. In: 4th international pipeline conference, parts A and B. Calgary, AB: ASMEDC, pp. 2093–2101.
35.
YangJPazCMEstefenSF, et al.Collapse pressure of sandwich pipes with strain-hardening cementitious composite - part 1: experiments and parametric study. Thin-Walled Struct2020; 148: 106605.
36.
D20 Committee. Test method for tensile properties of plastics. West Conshohocken, PA: ASTM International, 2022. DOI: 10.1520/D0638-14.
AfrasiabHMovahhedyMRAssempourA. Finite element and analytical fluid-structure interaction analysis of the pneumatically actuated diaphragm microvalves. Acta Mech2011; 222: 175–192.
39.
Eyvazinejad FirouzsalariSDizhurDJayaramanK, et al.Flax fabric-reinforced epoxy pipes subjected to lateral compression. Compos Struct2020; 244: 112307.
40.
MarsdenTStirlingMLangC. High temperature test method for polymer pipes. Polym Test2018; 68: 309–314.
41.
Nemat-AllaM. Reproducing hoop stress–strain behavior for tubular material using lateral compression test. Int J Mech Sci2003; 45: 605–621.
42.
F17 Committee. Test method for determination of external loading characteristics of plastic pipe by parallel-plate loading. West Conshohocken, PA: ASTM International, 2020. DOI: 10.1520/D2412-02.
43.
TienCMTManaloADixonP, et al.Effects of the legacy pipe ends on the behaviour of pipe-in-pipe repair systems under internal pressure. Eng Fail Anal2023; 144: 106957.
44.
BrownMJPMooreIDFamA. Analysis of a cured-in-place pressure pipe liner spanning circular voids. Tunn Undergr Space Technol2020; 101: 103424.
45.
BettsDSadeghianPFamA. Investigation of the stress-strain constitutive behavior of ±55° filament wound GFRP pipes in compression and tension. Compos Part B2019; 172: 243–252.
46.
TaşyürekMTarakçioğluN. Enhanced fatigue behavior under internal pressure of CNT reinforced filament wound cracked pipes. Compos Part B2017; 124: 23–30.
47.
TaşyürekMTarakçioğluN. Enhancing fatigue life of filament winding laminar and curved pipes containing carbon nanotubes, and their fatigue failure. Polym Polym Compos2017; 25: 167–176.
48.
YuPDempseyDArcherR. Techno-economic feasibility of enhanced geothermal systems (EGS) with partially bridging multi-stage fractures for district heating applications. Energy Convers Manag2022; 257: 115405.
49.
CastelloXEstefenSF. Limit strength and reeling effects of sandwich pipes with bonded layers. Int J Mech Sci2007; 49: 577–588.
50.
CastelloXEstefenSF. Sandwich pipes for ultra deepwater applications. In: All days. Houston, TX: OTC. OTC-19704-MS.
