In shells, bending stresses in addition to the membrane stresses exist near each structural discontinuity (such as at edge supports, rings, stringers, holes, etc.) and each load discontinuity. This region is the “bending boundary layer”. In sandwich shells, mid-plane asymmetry can be employed to minimize these bending stresses. Governing equations for mid-plane asymmetric sandwich cylindrical shell subjected to axially symmetric loads are derived herein and solved. The solution involves a mid-plane asymmetry factor ϕ, defined herein such that for any asymmetric sandwich construction, -1 < ϕ < 1. Therefore, perturbation solutions are easily obtained using the solutions for the midplane symmetric cylindrical shell.
Get full access to this article
View all access options for this article.
References
1.
1. Whitney, J.M. (October 1969) Cylindrical Bending of Unsymmetrically Laminated Plates , Journal of Composite Materials, 3: 715-715 .
2.
2. Zaghloul, S.A. and Kennedy, J.B. (June 1975) Nonlinear Analysis of Unsymmetrically Laminated Plates, Journal of the Engineering Mechanics Division, 169-169.
3.
3. Sun, C.T. and Chin, H. (1987). Analysis of Asymmetric Composite Laminates , AIAA Journal, 26(6): 714-718 .
4.
4. Ross, G.R. and Ochoa, O.O. (July 1991). Environmental Effects on Unsymmetric Composite Laminates , Journal of Thermoplastic Composite Materials, 4: 266-284 .
5.
5. Dano, M.-L. and Hyer, M.W. (October 1996). The Room-Temperature Shape of General Unsymmetric Laminates, In: Proceedings of the American Society for Composites, pp. 100-110.
6.
6. Monforton, G.R. and Ibrahim, I.M. (1975). Analysis of Sandwich Plates With Unbalanced Cross-Ply Faces , International Journal of Mechanical Sciences, 17: 227-238 .
7.
7. Kwon, Y.W., Murphy, M.C., and Castelli, V. (February 1995). Buckling of Unbalanced, Sandwich Panels with Titanium and GRP Skins , Transactions of the ASME, Journal of Pressure Vessel Technology, 117: 40-44 .
8.
8. Frostig, Y. and Shenhar, Y. (1995). High-Order Bending of Sandwich Beams With a Transversely Flexible Core and Unsymmetrical Laminated Composite Skins , Composites Engineering, 5(4): 405-414 .
9.
9. Frostig, Y. and Bozhevolnaya, E. (1997). Nonlinear Closed-Form High-Order Analysis of Curved Sandwich Panels , Composite Structures, 38(1-4): 383-394 .
10.
10. Chaudhuri, R.A. and Abu-Arja, K.R. (November 1989). Closed-Form Solutions for Arbitrary Laminated Anisotropic Cylindrical Shells (Tubes) Including Shear Deformation , AIAA Journal, 27(11): 1597-1604 .
11.
11. Miki, M., Masahide, O., Murotsu, Y. and Yamaguchi, T. (1993). Passive Deformation Control of Structures with Structurally Unsymmetric Laminate Configuration Pipes , In: Proceedings of the 34th AIAA/ASME/ASCE/AHS/ASC Structures, Structural Dynamics, and Materials Conference, AIAA, 1993, pp. 1790-1795 .
12.
12. Mohamed, E.A. and Bower, M.V. (October 1995). Analysis of Laminated Cylindrical Shells With Pre-Loads , Journal of Reinforced Plastics and Composites, 14: 1081-1107 .
13.
13. Soric, J. and Smojver, I. (1995). On the Effect of Fibre Directions in Laminated Composite Torispherical Shells , Engineering Computations, 12: 85-94 .
14.
14. Mapolitano, K.L., Kosmatka, L.B. and Johnson, C.D. (1998). Cocured Extension-Twist Coupled Damped Composite Shaft , In: Proceedings of the AIAA/ASME/ASCE/AHS/ASC 39th Structures, Structural Dynamics, and Materials Conference, pp. 3149-3159 .
15.
15. Minich, M.D. and Chamis, C.C. (1975). Analytical Displacements and Vibrations of Cantilevered Unsymmetric Fiber Composite Laminates , In: Proceedings of the AIAA/ASME/ASCE/AHS/ASC 16th Structures, Structural Dynamics, and Materials Conference, May.
16.
16. Oyibo, G.A. and Bentson, J. (1990). Exact Solutions to the Oscillations of Composite Aircraft Wings with Warping Constraint and Elastic Coupling , AIAA Journal, 28(6): 1075-1081 .
17.
17. Love, M.H. and Bohlmann, J.D. (1991). Aeroelastic Tailoring in Vehicle Design Synthesis , In: Proceedings of the AIAA/ASME/ASCE/AHS/ASC 32nd Structures, Structural Dynamics, and Materials Conference, pp. 462-469 .
18.
18. Dunn, P. and Dugundji, J. (1992). Nonlinear Stall Flutter and Divergence Analysis of Cantilevered Graphite/Epoxy Wings , AIAA Journal, 30(1): 153-162 .
19.
19. Collier, C.S. (1993). Stiffness, Thermal Expansion, and Thermal Bending Formulation of Stiffened, Fiber-Reinforced Composite Panels , In: Proceedings of the AIAA/ASME/ASCE/AHS/ASC 34th Structures, Structural Dynamics, and Materials Conference, pp. 2279-2290 .
20.
20. Vinson, J.R. and Dee, A.T. (1998). Use of Asymmetric Sandwich Construction to Minimize Bending Stresses , Sandwich Construction 4, Proceedings of Fourth International Conference on Sandwich Construction, EMAS Publishers, Stockholm.
21.
21. Satapathy, N.R. and Vinson, J.R. (October 2000). Sandwich Beams with Mid-Plane Asymmetry Subjected to Lateral Loads - Analysis and Optimization , Journal of Sandwich Structures and Materials, 2(4): 371-390 .
22.
22. Vinson, J.R. and Satapathy, N.R. Analysis and Optimization of Mid-Plane Asymmetric Sandwich Beams Under Lateral Loading Including Buckling Effects, AIAA Paper 2000-1523.
23.
23. Satapathy, N.R. and Vinson, J.R. (2000). Mid-Plane Asymmetric Composite Sandwich Plates Subjected to Lateral Loads . In: Proceedings of the 20th Southeastern Conference on Theoretical and Applied Mechanics (SECTAM XX), April, Callaway Gardens.
24.
24. Vinson, J.R. and Sierakowski, R. (1985). The Behavior of Structures Composed of Composite Materials, Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht .
25.
25. Vinson, J.R. (1989). The Behavior of Thin Walled Structures: Beams, Plates and Shells, Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht .
26.
26. Vinson, J.R. (1982). The Behavior of Shells Composed of Isotropic and Composite Materials, Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht .
27.
27. Vinson, J.R. (1998). The Behavior of Sandwich Structures Involving Isotropic and Composite Materials, Technomic Publishing Company, Lancaster .
28.
28. Vinson, J. and Brull, M. (1962). Fourth U.S. National Congress of Applied Mechanics, Transactions of the Congress, 18-21 June.
29.
29. Professional Boatbuilder, December-January 1999, pp. 64.
