This article provides an overview of research conducted between May and July 1996. The research was designed to determine how fast an officer can react with an accurate shot after a visual cue. This was contrasted with the speed of typical movements by suspects that would trigger a response with a firearm by a police officer. The results of the research provide empirical evidence to support justified shootings by the police as well as more closely defining when a suspect becomes a deadly force threat.
Get full access to this article
View all access options for this article.
References
1.
Adams, R.J., McTernan, T.M., & Remsburg, C. (1980). Street survival: Tactics for armed encountersEvanston, IL: Calibre.
2.
Ayoob, M.F. (1980). In the gravest extremeConcord, NH: Police Bookshelf.
3.
Ayoob, M.F. (1984). StressfireConcord, NH: Police Bookshelf.
4.
Barber, D.L. (1986). Law enforcement firearms trainingGarden Grove, CA: D. L. Ventures.
5.
Dees, C. (Ed.). (1994). The best of Police Marksman.Montgomery, AL: Police Marksman Association.
6.
Farnum, J. (1986). The street smart gun bookConcord, NH: Police Bookshelf.
7.
Hillmann, M.R. (1995, Spring). Physical lag times and their impact on the use of deadly forceThe Tactical Edge , pp. 28-30
8.
. Magill, R.A. (1980). Motor learning: Concepts and applicationsDubuque, IA: William C. Brown.
9.
Schmidt, R.A. (1988). Motor control and learningChampaign, IL: Human Kinetics.
10.
Schmidt, R.A. (1991). Motor learning and performanceChampaign, IL: Human Kinetics.
11.
Shaw, J. (1982). You can't missMemphis, TN : Shaw-Bane.
12.
Siddle, B.K. (1995). Sharpening the warrior's edgeMillstadt, IL: PPCT.
13.
Federal Bureau of Investigation. (1994). Law enforcement officers killed and assaulted [Uniform Crime Reports]Washington, DC: Author.
14.
Siddle, B.K. (1982). Defensive tactics instructor manual by Bruce SiddleMillstadt, IL: PPCT.