Predicting Latency of Reaching Adequate Implementation of Tier I Schoolwide Positive Behavioral Interventions and Supports

Abstract

In this study, longitudinal data from 708 schools across five states in the continental United States were analyzed to measure the time between initial training and adequate implementation of Tier I Schoolwide Positive Behavioral Interventions and Supports over 5 years and the extent to which it varied by school characteristics. Results indicated that, all else constant: elementary schools were more likely to reach adequate implementation before middle and high schools, non–Title I schools were more likely to reach adequate implementation before Title I schools, and suburban schools were more likely to reach adequate implementation before city schools. The findings provide empirical documentation of the average length of time required for adequate implementation of a systems-level intervention, as well as how that length differs across nonmalleable school characteristics.