Heat transfer and water vapor transport measurements performed at three laboratories using the "sweating" guarded hot plate apparatus were standard ized based on the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) International Standard 11092. Comparison testing was conducted on four standard military uni form materials. The adherence to ISO 11092 resulted in good agreement among the three laboratories between measured values of thermal resistance and water vapor re sistance for the four materials. Factors influencing the accuracy of the test method are also discussed.
International Organization for Standardization, International Standard ISO 11092.1993. "Textiles-Physiological Effects, Part 1: Measurement of Thermal and Water Vapour Resistance under Steady-State Conditions (Sweating Guarded-Hotplate Test)," prepared by ISO Technical Committee ISO TC 38.
2.
1985. American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM) D 1518-85, "Standard Test Method for Thermal Transmittance of Textile Materials."
3.
1985. ASTM C 177-85, "Standard Test Method for Steady-State Heat Flux Measurements and Thermal Transmission Properties by Means of the Guarded-Hot-Plate Apparatus.
4.
1984. Deutsches Institut für Normung (DIN) Draft Standard 54-101, "Measurement of Stationary Thermal and Water Vapour Resistance by Means of a Thermoregulatory Model of Human Skin."
5.
1985. ASTM 3518-85, "Standard Test Method for Steady-State Thermal Transmission Properties by Means of the Heat Flow Meter Apparatus."
6.
Bomberg, M.1991. "Application of Three ASTM Test Methods to Measure Thermal Resistance of Clothing," Journal of Thermal Insulation, 15(July):77-98.
7.
Military Specification, MIL-S-29461, Suit, Chemical and Biological Protective (Carbon Sphere), Class 2-Desert Camouflage Printed.
8.
Military Specification, MIL-C-43468, Cloth, Camouflage Pattern, Wind Resistant Poplin, Cotton, Type VI, Quarpel Treated.
9.
Military Specification, MIL-C-29462, Cloth, Laminated, Polyester Tricot Knit, Activated Carbon Sphere, Chemical Protective.
10.
Purchase Description, NCTRF/PD 10-84A, Suit, Chemical Protective.
11.
Ministry of Defence Specification, United Kingdom, UK/SC/3938C, Cloth, Twill, Modacrylic and Nylon.
12.
Ministry of Defence Specification, United Kingdom, UK/SC/3346G, Cloth, Bonded, Multi-Fibre, Anti-gas.
13.
Military Specification, MIL-S-24916A, Cloth, Chambray, Cotton (Flame-Retardant Treated).
14.
Military Specification, MIL-S-43926H, Suit, Chemical Protective, Class 1— Woodland Camouflage.
15.
Military Specification, MIL-C-44031D, Cloth, Camouflage Pattern: Wood-land, Cotton and Nylon, Class 2—Camouflage Printed and Quarpel Treated.
16.
Military Specification, MIL-C-43858B(GL), Cloth, Laminated, Nylon Tricot Kmt, Polyurethane Foam Laminate, Chemical Protective and Flame Resistant, Type III.
17.
Military Specification, MIL-U-44435(GL), Underwear, Chemical Protective, Two Piece (Undershirt and Drawers).
18.
Military Specification, MIL-C-43468, Cloth, Camouflage Pattern, Wind Resistant Poplin, Cotton, Type III.
19.
DuPont Corporation Part Number LANX I (No Military Specification Available).
20.
Cain, B. and B. Farnworth.1986. "Two Techniques for Determining the Thermal Radiative Properties of Thin Fabrics," Journal of Thermal Insulation, 9(April): 301-322.
21.
Gibson, P.1992. "Comparison of Sweating Guarded Hot Plate and Upright Cup Methods of Measunng Water Vapor Permeability," U.S. Army Natick Research, Development and Engineering Center Technical Report , Natick/TR-92/046, August, pp. 36-37.
22.
Holman, J.P.1990. Heat Transfer. New York: McGraw-Hill, Inc., pp. 225-247.
23.
Kays, W.M. and M.E. Crawford.1980. Convective Heat and Mass Transfer. New York: McGraw-Hill, Inc., pp. 133-160.
24.
Sugarawa, S. , T. Sato, H. Komatsu and H. Osaka.1988. "Effect of Free Stream Turbulence on Flat Plate Heat Transfer," International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer, 31:5-12.
25.
1991. ASTM D4855-88-91. "Standard Practice for Comparing Test Methods."
26.
1992. ASTM E 691-92. "Standard Practice for Conducting an Interlaboratory Study to Determine the Precision of a Test Method."
27.
1991. ASTM D 2906-91, "Standard Practice for Statements on Precision and Bias for Textiles"
28.
1990. "ASTM E 177-90a, "Standard Practice for Use of the Terms Precision and Bias in ASTM Test Methods."
