Hybrid Masculinities in Korean Fatherhood: Insights From the 100 Fathers’ Group

Abstract

This study examines the 100 Fathers’ Group to show how hybrid masculinities operate as a double-edged sword in increasing fathers’ childcare involvement. Interviews with 16 fathers and two program administrators indicate that the group provides emotional support and practical guidance while also cultivating competitive dynamics that reinscribe gendered divisions of care. This study identifies a distinctive pathway—competitive-efficiency fathering—in which involvement is organized around goals, rankings, public proof, and peer recognition. Fathers pursue an idealized “master daddy” archetype, benchmarking competence and seeking “daddy’s care/daddy’s play” strategies that are highly visible and time-efficient. Findings show that involved fatherhood is not solely driven by adopting caring masculinities; traditional masculine motivators such as goal orientation, competitiveness, and efficiency remain central. However, while fathers see themselves as actively involved, this approach does not substantively challenge established gender hierarchies or fully embrace traditionally feminine care practices.