Drawing from fieldwork in a shantytown called Dharavi in Bombay, this article considers the effects of communal violence between Hindus and Muslims in December, 1993, and January, 1993. The effects of violence are charted through narrative accounts of residents of Dharavi. The article argues that collective violence brings together the nation, the neighborhood, and bodies of participants. The intersection of these three shows the procedures by which Muslim men are denuded of their masculinity.
Anderson, Benedict. 1983. Imagined communities: Reflections on the spread of nationalism. London: New Left Books.
2.
Appadurai, Arjun. 1988. Putting hierarchy in its place. Current Anthropology3 (1): 37-50.
3.
Appadurai, Arjun.1993. South Asia: Responses to the Ayodhaya crisis. Special issue, Asian Survey33:645-737.
4.
Axel, Brian K.2001. The nation's tortured body: Violence, representation and the formation of a Sikh “diaspora.”Durham, NC: Duke University Press.
5.
Bannerji, Himani. 1998. Gender, race, class and socialism. An interview. New Socialist3 (1): 20-25.
6.
Chatterji, Roma. 2005. Plans, habitation and slum-redevelopment: The production of community in Dharavi, Mumbai. Contributions to Indian Sociology39 (2): 197-218.
7.
Daniel, Valentine. 1997. Charred lullabies: Chapters in an anthropography of violence.Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.
8.
Das, Veena. 1990. Our work to cry, your work to listen. In Mirrors of violence: Communities, riots and survivors in South Asia, edited by V. Das, 345-394. Delhi, India: Oxford University Press.
9.
Appadurai, Arjun. 1995. Critical events: An anthropological perspective on contemporary India. Delhi, India: Oxford University Press.
10.
Appadurai, Arjun. 2000. The act of witnessing: Violence, poisonous knowledge and subjectivity. In Violence and subjectivity, edited by Veena Das, Arthur Kleinman, Mamphela Ramphele, and Pamela Reynolds, 205-225. Berkeley: University of California Press.
11.
de Certeau, Michel. 1980. On the oppositional practices of everyday life. Social Text1 (3): 3-43.
12.
Appadurai, Arjun. 1984. The practice of everyday life. Trans. S. Rendall. Berkeley: University of California Press.
13.
Deshpande, Satish. 2002. Hegemonic spatial strategies: The nation-space and Hindu communalism in twentieth-century India. In Subaltern studies XI: Community, gender and violence, edited by Partha Chatterjee and Pradeep Jeganathan, 167-211. Delhi, India: Permanent Black.
14.
Feldman, Allen. 1991. Formations of violence: Narratives of the body and political terror in Northern Ireland. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
15.
Appadurai, Arjun. 1995. Ethnographic states of emergency. In Fieldwork under fire: Contemporary studies of violence and survival, edited by Carolyn Nordstrom and Antonius C. Robben, 224-252. Berkeley: University of California Press.
16.
Foucault, Michel. 1991. Politics and the study of discourse. In The Foucault effect: Studies in governmentality, edited by Graham Burchell and Colin Gordon, 53-72. Chicago: Chicago University Press.
17.
Grosz, Elizabeth. 1994. Volatile bodies: Towards a corporeal feminism. London: Routledge.
18.
Hanson, Thomas B.1996. Recuperating masculinity: Hindu nationalism, violence and the exorcism of the Muslim “Other.” Critique of Anthropology16 (2): 137-172.
19.
Hanson, Thomas B.1999. The saffron wave: Democracy and Hindu nationalism in modern India. Delhi, India: Oxford University Press.
20.
Hanson, Thomas B.2001. Wages of violence: Naming and identity in postcolonial Bombay. Princeton, NJ: University of Princeton Press.
21.
Jeganathan, Pradeep. 2002. A space for violence: Anthropology, politics and the location of a Sinhala practice of masculinity. In Subaltern studies XI: Community, gender and violence, edited by Partha Chatterjee and Pradeep Jeganathan, 37-65. Delhi, India: Permanent Black.
22.
Lefebvre, Henri. 1988. Towards a leftist cultural politics: Remarks occasioned by the centenary of Marx's death. Trans. D. Reifman. In Marxism and the interpretation of culture, edited by Cary Nelson and Lawrence Grossberg. Urbana: University of Illinois Press.
23.
Mehta, Deepak. 2001. Circumcision, body, masculinity: The ritual wound and collective violence. In Violence and subjectivity, edited by Veena Das, Arthur Kleinman, Mamphela Ramphele, and Pamela Reynolds, 79-101. Berkeley: University of California Press.
24.
Mehta, Deepak, and Roma Chatterji. 2002. Boundaries, names, alterities: A case study of a “communal riot” in Dharavi, Bombay. In Remaking a world: Violence, social suffering and recovery, edited by Veena Das, Arthur Kleinman, Margaret Lock, Mamphela Ramphele, and Pamela Reynolds, 201-249. Berkeley: University of California Press.
25.
Metcalf, Barbara. 1993. Living Hadhith in the Tablighi Jama'at. Journal of Asian Studies52 (3): 584-608.
26.
Nandy, Ashis, Shikha Trivedy, Shail Mayaram, and A. Yagnik. 1995. Creating a nationality: The Ramjanmabhumi and fear of the self. Delhi, India: Oxford University Press.
27.
Nordstrom, Carolyn. 1997. A different kind of war story. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press.
28.
Pandey, Gyanendra. 1993. Which of us are Hindus? In Hindus and others: The question of identity in India today, edited by Gyanendra Pandey, 238-272. New Delhi, India: Viking.
29.
Rao, Nandini. 1994. Interpreting silences: Symbol and history in the case of Ram Janmabhoomi/Babari Masjid. In Social construction of the past: Representation as power, edited by George C. Bond and Angela Gilliam, 154-166. London: Routledge.