The Intersection of Indigenous Peoples in Canada and Medical Assistance in Dying: A Scoping Review of the Current Literature

Abstract

Introduction:

Medical assistance in dying (MAID) was legalized in Canada in 2016, creating a significant shift in end-of-life care. However, Indigenous populations face unique challenges with MAID due to historical mistreatment, cultural differences, and systemic barriers within the health care system.

Objectives:

By means of this scoping review, we identify the critical gap in understanding Indigenous experiences with MAID. We also seek to identify barriers and facilitators to providing culturally appropriate care and to incorporate Indigenous perspectives into MAID policies and practices.

Results:

We identified key themes, including the need for cultural sensitivity and safety, the importance of community and family involvement, communication barriers, and policy and legislative considerations.

Future Directions:

From our findings, we highlight the necessity of engaging Indigenous communities in developing MAID services to ensure they are culturally appropriate and respectful. Addressing these needs is essential to providing respectful end-of-life care for Indigenous peoples in Canada. We also highlight significant gaps in the literature and the urgent need for further research to ensure that MAID services are culturally appropriate and aligned with Indigenous values and needs.

Definition:

In this article, the term “Indigenous peoples” refers to the original peoples of North America and their descendants. The Canadian Constitution recognizes three distinct groups of Indigenous peoples: First Nations, Inuit, and Métis.