The Validity of the Hinkin and Schriesheim Power Scales and Superior-Subordinate Power Relationships Within Hospitality

Abstract

The authors report the results of a test of the construct validity of the Hinkin and Schriesheim (1989) scales based on the French and Raven (19569) power scales using a hospitality industry sample. In addtition, scales for subordinate self-percep tion of power were suggested and tested. The internal and external consistency of all scales was satisfactory and nomological expecations were met. Unanticipated relationships are discussed and explanations proffered.

Keywords

Key words: social power,communication socio-economic construct validity hospitality.

Get full access to this article

View all access options for this article.

References

Anderson, J.C. & Gerbing, D.W. (1988). Structural equation modeling in practice: A review and recommended two-step approach Psychological Bulletin , 103(3), 411-423.

Borchgrevink, C.P. & Boster, F.J. (1994). Leader-member exchange: A test of the measurement model Hospitality Research Joumal, 17(3), 75-100.

Byme, D. (1971). The Attraction Paradigm New York: Academic Press, Inc.

Campbell, J.P. , Daft, R.L. , and Hulin, C.L. (1982). What To Study: Generating and Developing Research Questions Beverly Hills, CA: Sage.

Cronbach, L.J. & Meehl, P.E. (1955). Construct validity in psychological testing Psychological Bulletin, 52(4), 281-302.

Dahl, R.A. (1957). The concept of power Behavioral Science, 2, 201-215. As quoted by Pfeffer (1981).

Dansereau, F. & Markham, S.E. (1987). Superior-subordinate communication: Multiple levels of analysis In F. J. Jablin, L. L. Putnam, K. H. Roberts, and L. W. Porter (eds.). Handbook of Organizational Communication: An Interdisciplinary Perspective. Newbury Park, CA: Sage Publications, Inc.

Emerson, R.M. (1962). Power-dependence relations American Sociological Review, 27(1), 31-41.

French, J.R.P.,Jr. & Raven, B.H. (1959). The bases of social power In D. Cartwright (ed.), Studies in Social Power. Ann Arbor, MI: Universityof Michigan Press,150-167.

10.

Gerbing, D.W. & Hunter, J.E. (1980). The Return to Multiple Groups: Analysis and Critique ofConfirmatoryFactorAnalysis with LISREL. Unpublished manuscript, Department of Psychology, Baylor University.

11.

Gerbing, D.W. & Hunter, J.E. (1981). Casual Models and Confirmatory Factor Analysis: The Need for a Two Step Analysis and Critique of LISREL. Unpublished manuscript , Department of Psychology, Baylor University.

12.

Hamilton, M.A. & Hunter, J.E. (1988). Confirmatory Factor Analysis. A component of J. E. Hunter (1992), Package, 6(92). East Lansing, MI: Department of Psychology.

13.

Hinkin, T.R. & Schriesheim, C.A. (1989). Development and application of new scales to measure the French and Raven (1959) bases of social power Journal of Applied Psychology, 74(4), 561-567.

14.

Hunter, J.E. & Cohen, S.H. (1969). Package: A system of computer routines for the analysis of correlational data Educational and Psychological Measurement, 29, 697-700.

15.

Joreskog, K.G. & Sørbom, D. (1985). LISREL VI, Mooresville, IN: Scientific Software.

16.

Likert, R. 91932). A technique for the measurement of attitudes Archives of Psychology, 140, 44-53.

17.

McClelland, D.C. (1970). The two faces of power Journal of International Affairs, 24(1), 29-47.

18.

Nunnally, J.C. (1978). Psychometric Theory, (2nd ed.) New York: McGraw-Hill Publishing Company.

19.

Pedhazur, E.J. (1982). Multiple Regression in Behavioral Research: Explanation and Prediction Fort Worth, TX : Holt, Rinehart & Winston.

20.

Pfeffer, J. (1981). Power in Organizations Marshfield, MA: Pitman Publishing.

21.

Podsakoff, P.M. & Schriesheim, C.A. (1985). Field studies of French and Raven's bases of power. Critique, reanalysis, and suggestions for future research Psychological Bulletin, 97, 387-411.

22.

Raven, B.H. (1965). Social influence and power In I. D. Steiner& M. Fishbein (eds.), Current Studies in Social Psychology , NY: Holt, Rinehart & Winston, 371-382.

23.

Sackett, P.R. , and Larson, J.R., Jr. (1990). Research strategies and tactics in industrial and organizational psychology In M. D. Dunnette and L. H.. Hough (Eds.), Handbook of Industrial and Organizational Psychology, (2nded., Volume 1, pp. 419-489). Palo Alto, CA: Consulting Psychologists Press.

24.

Spearman, C. (1904). "General intelligence" objectively determined and measured American Journal of Psychology , 15, 201-293.

25.

Sparrowe, R.T. (1994). Empowerment in the hospitality industry: An exploration of antecedents and outcomes Hospitality Research Journal , 17(3), 51-73.