This study examined the effects of industry employment, firm size, gender, age,
education, and hospitality major on the careers of hospitality employees. The career
histories of 205 hospitality management employees were analyzed using event
history analysis. Industry employment, firm size, age, and educational attainment
were found to affect the rate of promotions; gender and a hospitality management
major did not. The major did increase the rate of lateral moves. The results of this
research suggest that educators and industry professionals who advise hospitality
management students or employees should stress the career benefits of obtaining a bachelor's degree and seeking position within large firms.
Baron, J.N., & Bielby, W.T. (1980). Bringing the firms back in: Stratification, segmentation, and the organization of work. American Sociological Review , 49, 454-473.
2.
Becker, G.S. (1975). Human capital. New York: Columbia University Press.
3.
Bernstein, C. (1990). Unified efforts vital to women's advancement: Stereotypes remain barrier to executive suite. Nation's Restaurant News, 24(25), 29.
4.
Blau, P.M., & Duncan, O.D. (1967). The American occupational structure. New York: Wiley.
5.
Blossfeld, H-P. (1986). Career opportunities in the Federal Republic of Germany: A dynamic approach to the study of life-course, cohort, and period effects. European Sociological Review, 2, 208-225.
6.
Blossfeld, H.-P., Hamerle, A., & Mayer, K. (1989). Event history analysis: Statistical theory and application in the social sciences. Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.
7.
Brownell, J. (1993a). Addressing career challenges faced by women in hospitality management. Hospitality and Tourism Educator, 5, 11-15.
8.
Brownell, J. (1993b). Communicating with credibility: The gender gap . The Cornell Hotel and Restaurant Administration Quarterly , 34(2), 52-61.
9.
Brownell, J. (1994). Personality and career development: A study of gender differences. The Cornell Hotel and RestaurantAdministration Quarterly, 36-43.
10.
Brymer, R.A., & Pavesic, D.V. (1990). Personality characteristics and profiles of hospitality management graduates. Hospitality Research Journal, 14(1), 77-86.
11.
Burt, R.S. (1992). Structural holes. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
12.
The Chain Report. (1994). Lodging Hospitality, 50(8), 43-47.
13.
Chon, K-S. & Sparrowe, R.T. (1995). Welcome to hospitality: An introduction. Cincinnati, OH: South Western Press.
14.
Fulford, M.D., & Herrick, A.T. (1994). Women at work in hospitality: Fair notice for the nineties. Hospitality and Tourism Educator, 6, 25-29.
15.
Hannan, M.T., & Freeman, J. (1989). Organizational ecology. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
16.
Haveman, H.A., & Cohen, L.E. (1994). The ecological dynamics of careers: The impact of organizational founding, dissolution and merger on job mobility. American Journal of Sociology100, 104-152.
17.
Ilgen, D.R., & Feldman, J.M. (1983). Performance appraisal: A process focus. Research in Organizational Behavior, 5, 141-197.
18.
Kilduff, M., & Day, D.V. (1994). Do chameleons get ahead?: The effects of self-monitoring on managerial careers. Academy of Management Journal37, 1047-1060.
19.
McPherson, J.M., Popielarz, P.A., & Drobnic, S. (1992). Social networks and organizational dynamics. American Sociological Review, 57, 153-170.
20.
Pavesic, D.V., & Brymer, R.A. (1989). Industry retention/attrition of hospitality graduates . Hospitality Research Journal, 13(3), 267-275.
21.
Rosenbaum, J.E. (1984). Career mobility in a corporate hierarchy. San Diego, CA: Academic Press.
22.
Samenfink, W.H. (1994). A quantitative analysis of certain interpersonal skills required in the service encounter. Hospitality Research Journal17, 3-16.
23.
SAS Institute, Inc. (1990a). SAS language: References, version 6 (First ed.). Cary, NC: SAS Institute, Inc.
24.
SAS Institute, Inc. (1990b). SAS technical report P-217: The PHREG procedure. Cary, NC: SAS Institute, Inc.
Snyder, M. (1974). Self-monitoring of expressive behavior. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology30, 526-537.
27.
Sorensen, A.B. (1977). The structure of inequality and the process of attainment. American Sociological Review, 42, 965-978.
28.
The Top 50 Franchises. (1994). Restaurant Business, 93(9), 79-80.
29.
Tuma, N.B., & Hannan, M.T. (1984). Social dynamics: Models and methods. San Diego, CA: Academic Press, Inc.
30.
U. S. Department of Labor, Bureau of Labor Statistics. (1991). Employment, hours, and earnings, United States, 1909-1990 (Vol. II). Washington, DC: U. S. Government Printing Office.
31.
U.S. Department of Labor, Bureau of Labor Statistics. (1993). Employment, hours, and earnings, United States, 1981-93. Washington, D. C: U. S. Government Printing Office.
32.
Umbreit, W.T., & Diaz, P.E. (1994). Women in hospitality management: An exploratory study of major and occupational choice variables. Hospitality and Tourism Educator, 6, 7-9.
33.
Van Warner, R. (1993, April 5). Women in foodservice: Breaking through barriers to the executive suite. Nation's Restaurant News , 39.
