A key premise in the normative literature is that an appropriate business strategy
will favorably align an organization with its environment (Andrews, 1971; Hofer &
Schendel, 1978; Porter, 1980). It is argued that the strategy that will produce the best
results is dependent on existing environmental circumstances (Miles & Snow, 1978).
This study investigated the tenet that, for firms in the lodging industry, there
exists an optimal pattern or ''fit'' between the environment and the firm's business
strategy that separates the more successful operations from the less successful
ones.
The findings of this study indicate that a "match" between the state of the
environment facing an organization and its business strategy is required for high
performance. The results obtained provide an invaluable planning and analysis tool
for all levels of management involved in charting a firm's future.
Ashley, R.A., & M.D. Olsen (1986). Economic multipliers in the lodging industry, Center for Hospitality Research and Service: Research report Number 3Blacksburg, VA: Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University.
3.
Barnard, C.I. (1938). Functions of the Executive. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
4.
Bourgeois, L.J. (1978). Strategy making, environment and performance: A conceptual and empirical exploration. Unpublished doctoral dissertation. University of Washington, Seattle.
5.
Burns, Tom and G. Stalker (1961). The Management of Innovation. Chicago: Quadrangle Books.
6.
Child, J. (1972). Organizational structure, environment and performance-the role of strategic choice. Sociology, 6, 1-22.
7.
Coleman, H., & M. Gaetan (1985). Perceived environmental uncertainty, investment strategy, and reasons for business failure in the apparel industry. Proceedings of the Conference on Apparel Manufacturing. Clemson University: Clemson, SC.
8.
Dillman, D.A. (1978). Mail and Telephone Surveys. New York: John Wiley & Sons.
9.
Duncan, R.B. (1972). Characteristics of organizational environment and perceived environment uncertainty. Administrative Science Quarterly, 17,313-327.
10.
Evans, M.R., & C. Dev (1987). Pre-opening investment study of hotels and motels. Center for Hospitality Research and Service: Research report Number 1Blacksburg, VA: Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University.
11.
Galbraith, C., & P. Schendel (1983). An empirical analysis of strategy types. Strategic Management Journal, 4, 153-173.
12.
Geller, A.N. (1985). The current state of hotel information systems . The Cornell Hotel and Restaurant Administration Quarterly . May, 14-17.
13.
Ginn, G.O., & R.R. McDaniel , Jr. (1987). Strategic adaptation in the hospital industry. Proceedings of the Annual Meeting of the National Academy of Management. New Orleans, LA.
14.
Ginsberg, H. (1984). Operationalizing organization strategy: Toward an integrative framework. Academy of Management Review, 9, 548-557.
15.
Gomes, A.J. (1984). Hospitality in transition: A retrospective and prospective look at the U.S, lodging industryEast Lansing , MI: The Educational Institute of the American Hotel and Motel Association.
16.
Hofer, C.W., & D. Schendel (1978). Strategy Formulation: Analytical Concepts. New YorkWest publishing.
17.
Hofer, C.W. (1983). ROVA: A new measure for assessing organizational performance. In R. Lamb (Ed.), Advances in Strategic Management (pp. 43-55). New York: JAI Press.
18.
Jankura, D. (1987). Employment projections for the U.S. lodging industry. U.S. Lodging IndustryPhiladelphia, PA: Laventhol & Horwath.
Lawrence, P.R., & J.W. Lorsch (1967). Organization and Environment: Management Differentiation and Integration. Boston: Harvard Graduate School of Business Administration.
21.
Miles, R.E., & C.C. Snow (1978). Organization strategy, structure and process. New York: McGraw-Hill.
22.
Miller, D., & P.H. Friesen (1983). Strategy making and environment: The third link . Strategic Management Journal, 4, 221-235.
23.
Miller, D., M.F.R. Kets de Vries & J.M. Toulouse (1982). Top executive locus of control and its relationship to strategy-making, structure and environment . Academy of Management Journal, 25, 237-253.
24.
Nunnally, J.C. (1978). Psychometric Theory. New York : McGraw-Hill.
25.
Porter, M.E. (1980). Competitive Strategy. New York : Free Press.
26.
SAS Institute, Inc. (1985). SAS user's guide: Statistics version 5 edition. Cary, NC: SAS Institute Inc.
27.
Schaffer, J.D. (1986). Competitive Strategy, Organization Structure and Performance in the Lodging Industry: An Empirical Assessment of Miles and Snow's (1978) Perspective of Organizations. Unpublished Doctoral Dissertation, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University.
28.
Schendel, D.E., & C.W. Hofer (1979). Strategic Management: A New View of Business Policy and Planning. Boston: Little, Brown and Company.
29.
Slattery, P., & M.D. Olsen (1984). Hospitality organizations and their environment . International Journal of Hospitality Management, 3,55-61.
30.
Snow, C.C., & D.C. Hambrick (1980). Measuring organizational strategies: Some theoretical and methodological problems. Academy of Management Review, 5, 527-538.
Thompson, J.D. (1967). Organizations in Action, New York: McGraw Hill.
33.
Tosi, H., & J.W. Slocum (1984). Contingency theory: Some suggested directions . Journal of Management, 10, 9-26.
34.
Venkatraman, N., & V. Ramanujam (1986). Measurement of business performance in strategy research: A comparison of approaches. Academy of Management Review.11, 801-814.
35.
Walker, O.C., & R.W. Reukert (1987). Marketing's role in the implementation of business strategies: A critical review and conceptual framework. Journal of Marketing, 51, 15-33.
