Why Not Travel to Malaysia? Variations in Inbound Tourists’ Perceptions toward Halal-Friendly Destination Attributes

Abstract

The importance of halal tourism has prompted countries and business operators to place more emphasis on this lucrative sector. The purpose of this study is to investigate the effects of halal-friendly destination attributes on inbound tourists’ behavioral intention in the context of Malaysia. Furthermore, a comparative analysis was conducted to investigate the similarities and differences between Chinese and Indonesian Muslim tourists. A total of 666 observations were collected using surveys and the data sets were analyzed via partial least squares structural equation modeling. The empirical results show that both countries have indicated variations in terms of preferences for social environment, services, and facilities. We contribute to the knowledge on the constitutive attributes of the halal-friendly destination, while providing theoretical explanations for the differences among Muslim tourists in the Asian markets. Finally, directions for future research are proposed.

Keywords

halal tourism halal-friendly destination attributes behavioral intention nationality Malaysia

Get full access to this article

View all access options for this article.

References

Abror

Wardi

Trinanda

Patrisia

(2019). The impact of Halal tourism, customer engagement on satisfaction: Moderating effect of religiosity. Asia Pacific Journal of Tourism Research, 24(7), 633-643. https://doi.org/10.1080/10941665.2019.1611609

Al-Ansi

Han

(2019). Role of halal-friendly destination performances, value, satisfaction, and trust in generating destination image and loyalty. Journal of Destination Marketing & Management, 13(September), 51-60. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jdmm.2019.05.007

Al-Ansi

Olya

H. G.

Han

(2018). Effect of general risk on trust, satisfaction, and recommendation intention for halal food. International Journal of Hospitality Management, 83(October), 210-219. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhm.2018.10.017

Albayrak

Caber

Çömen

(2016). Tourist shopping: The relationships among shopping attributes, shopping value, and behavioral intention. Tourism Management Perspectives, 18(April), 98-106. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tmp.2016.01.007

Alrawadieh

Kozak

(2019). Exploring the impact of tourist harassment on destination image, tourist expenditure, and destination loyalty. Tourism Management, 73(August), 13-20. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tourman.2019.01.015

Antón

Camarero

Laguna

Buhalis

(2019). Impacts of authenticity, degree of adaptation and cultural contrast on travellers’ memorable gastronomy experiences. Journal of Hospitality Marketing & Management, 28(7), 743-764. https://doi.org/10.1080/19368623.2019.1564106

Aziz

Y. A.

Hussin

S. R.

Nezakati

Yusof

R. N. R.

Hashim

(2018). The effect of socio-demographic variables and travel characteristics on motivation of Muslim family tourists in Malaysia. Journal of Islamic Marketing, 9(2), 222-239. https://doi.org/10.1108/JIMA-03-2016-0016

Baker

Murrmann

S. K.

Green

(2013). Dining in the city: Server behaviors, time preferences, and the effect of urbanization in restaurants. Journal of Foodservice Business Research, 15(2), 113-138. https://doi.org/10.1080/15378020.2013.761042

Battour

Ismail

M. N.

(2016). Halal tourism: Concepts, practises, challenges and future. Tourism Management Perspectives, 19(Part B, July), 150-154. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tmp.2015.12.008

10.

Becker

J. M.

Ringle

C. M.

Sarstedt

Völckner

(2015). How collinearity affects mixture regression results. Marketing Letters, 26(4), 643-659. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11002-014-9299-9

11.

Blau

P. M.

(1964). Exchange and power in social life. Wiley.

12.

Brida

J. G.

Disegna

Osti

(2012). Perceptions of authenticity of cultural events: A host–tourist analysis. Tourism Culture & Communication, 12(2), 85-96. https://doi.org/10.3727/109830413X13575858951121

13.

Brislin

R. W.

(1970). Back-translation for cross-cultural research. Journal of Cross-cultural Psychology, 1(3), 185-216. https://doi.org/10.1177/135910457000100301

14.

Campo

Garau

J. B.

(2008). The influence of nationality on the generation of tourist satisfaction with a destination. Tourism Analysis, 13(1), 81-92. https://doi.org/10.3727/108354208784548779

15.

Chanin

Sriprasert

Rahman

H. A.

Don

M. S.

(2015). Guidelines on halal tourism management in the Andaman Sea coast of Thailand. Journal of Economics, Business and Management, 3(8), 8-11. https://doi.org/10.7763/JOEBM.2015.V3.287

16.

Cheah

J. H.

Ting

Ramayah

Memon

M. A.

Cham

T. H.

Ciavolino

(2019). A comparison of five reflective–formative estimation approaches: Reconsideration and recommendations for tourism research. Quality & Quantity, 53(3), 1421-1458. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11135-018-0821-7

17.

Chen

Y.-Q.

Liu

C.-H.

(2019). How airline service quality determines the quantity of repurchase intention-Mediate and moderate effects of brand quality and perceived value. Journal of Air Transport Management, 75(March), 185-197. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jairtraman.2018.11.002

18.

Chin

Cheah

J. H.

Liu

Ting

Lim

X. J.

Cham

T. H.

(2020). Demystifying the role of causal-predictive modeling using partial least squares structural equation modeling in information systems research. Industrial Management & Data Systems, 120(12). https://doi.org/10.1108/IMDS-10-2019-0529

19.

Chin

W. W.

Dibbern

(2010). An introduction to a permutation based procedure for multi-group PLS analysis: Results of tests of differences on simulated data and a cross cultural analysis of the sourcing of information system services between Germany and the USA. In Esposito

V. V.

Chin

Henseler

Wang

(Eds.), Handbook of partial least squares (pp. 171-193). Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-32827-8_8

20.

Chiu

S.-C.

Liu

C.-H.

J.-H.

(2016). The influence of tourists’ expectations on purchase intention: Linking marketing strategy for low-cost airlines. Journal of Air Transport Management, 53(June), 226-234. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jairtraman.2016.03.010

21.

Choo

Ahn

K. F.

Petrick

(2016). An integrated model of festival revisit intentions: Theory of planned behavior and festival quality/satisfaction. International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management, 28(4), 818-838. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJCHM-09-2014-0448

22.

Chuang

S. T.

(2010). Rural tourism: Perspectives from social exchange theory. Social Behavior and Personality, 38(10), 1313-1322. https://doi.org/10.2224/sbp.2010.38.10.1313

23.

Cohen

(1988). Statistical power analysis for the behavioral sciences. Lawrence Erlbaum.

24.

Crescent Rating. (2019). Malaysia’s prominent role in halal tourism. https://www.crescentrating.com/magazine/opinion/3659/malaysias-prominent-role-in-halal-tourism.html

25.

Currás-Pérez

Ruiz-Mafé

Sanz-Blas

(2013). Social network loyalty: Evaluating the role of attitude, perceived risk and satisfaction. Online Information Review, 37(1), 61-82. https://doi.org/10.1108/14684521311311630

26.

Das

Acharjee

(2013). Problems and prospects of cultural tourism: A case study of Assam, India. International Journal of Physical and Social Sciences, 3(4), 455-462.

27.

Dedeoğlu

B. B.

Balikçioğlu Dedeoğlu

Küçükergin

K. G.

(2018). The moderating role of nationality on destination experience. Journal of Quality Assurance in Hospitality & Tourism, 19(2), 217-242. https://doi.org/10.1080/1528008X.2017.1363010

28.

Di Pietro

Di Virgilio

Pantano

(2012). Social network for the choice of tourist destination: Attitude and behavioural intention. Journal of Hospitality and Tourism Technology, 3(1), 60-76. https://doi.org/10.1108/17579881211206543

29.

Dijkstra

T. K.

Henseler

(2015). Consistent partial least squares path modeling. MIS Quarterly, 39(2), 297-316. https://doi.org/10.25300/MISQ/2015/39.2.02

30.

The Edge Markets. (2019, August 21). Learn from Islam and Confucianism, tolerance and mutual acceptance, says Sultn Nazri. https://www.theedgemarkets.com/article/learn-islam-and-confucianism-tolerance-and-mutual-acceptance-says-sultan-nazrin

31.

Eid

Abdelkader

A. A.

(2017). Muslim service quality dimensions in the tourism and hospitality industry: Construct development and measurement validation. International Journal of Islamic Marketing and Branding, 2(3), 215-231. https://doi.org/10.1504/IJIMB.2017.087983

32.

Eid

El-Gohary

(2015). The role of Islamic religiosity on the relationship between perceived value and tourist satisfaction. Tourism Management, 46(February), 477-488. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tourman.2014.08.003

33.

El-Gohary

(2016). Halal tourism, is it really Halal? Tourism Management Perspectives, 19(Part B, July), 124-130. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tmp.2015.12.013

34.

Ellis

Park

Kim

Yeoman

(2018). What is food tourism? Tourism Management, 68(October), 250-263. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tourman.2018.03.025

35.

Fam

K. S.

Yang

Hyman

(2009). Confucian/chopsticks marketing. Journal of Business Ethics, 88(October), 393-397. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10551-009-0307-6

36.

Fan

(2000). A classification of Chinese culture. Cross Cultural Management, 7(2), 3-10. https://doi.org/10.1108/13527600010797057

37.

Fathil

(2019). Islam in Imperial China: Sinicization of minority Muslims and synthesis of Chinese philosophy and Islamic tradition. KEMANUSIAAN: The Asian Journal of Humanities, 26. https://doi.org/10.21315/kajh2019.26.s1.9

38.

Fink

(2017). How to conduct surveys: A step-by-step guide (6th ed.). Sage.

39.

Forgas-Coll

Palau-Saumell

Sánchez-García

Callarisa-Fiolc

L. J.

(2012). Urban destination loyalty drivers and cross-national moderator effects: The case of Barcelona. Tourism Management, 33(6), 1309-1320. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tourman.2011.12.013

40.

Franke

Sarstedt

(2019). Heuristics versus statistics in discriminant validity testing: A comparison of four procedures. Internet Research, 29(3), 430-447. https://doi.org/10.1108/IntR-12-2017-0515

41.

Fuller

C. M.

Simmering

M. J.

Atinc

Babin

B. J.

(2016). Common methods variance detection in business research. Journal of Business Research, 69(8), 3192-3198. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2015.12.008

42.

Global Muslim Travel Index. (2019). https://www.crescentrating.com/reports/global-muslim-travel-index-2019.html

43.

Gold

A. H.

Malhotra

Segars

A. H.

(2001). Knowledge management: An organizational capabilities perspective. Journal of Management Information Systems, 18(1), 185-214. https://doi.org/10.1080/07421222.2001.11045669

44.

Griffiths

Sharpley

(2012). Influences of nationalism on tourist-host relationships. Annals of Tourism Research, 39(4), 2051-2072. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.annals.2012.07.002

45.

Gursoy

Rutherford

D. G.

(2004). Host attitudes toward tourism: An improved structural model. Annals of Tourism Research, 31(3), 495-516. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.annals.2003.08.008

46.

Hair

J. F.

Risher

J. J.

Sarstedt

Ringle

C. M.

(2019). When to use and how to report the results of PLS-SEM. European Business Review, 31(1), 2-24. https://doi.org/10.1108/EBR-11-2018-0203

47.

Hair

J. F.

Sarstedt

Ringle

C. M.

Gudergan

S. P.

(2018). Advanced issues in partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM). Sage. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-05542-8_15-1

48.

Halal Media Japan. (2019, October 19). Muslim friendly in airports. https://www.halalmedia.jp/archives/133/muslim-friendly-airports/

49.

Hammad

N. M.

Ahmad

S. Z.

Papastathopoulos

(2019). The moderating role of nationality in residents’ perceptions of the impacts of tourism development in the United Arab Emirates. International Journal of Tourism Research, 21(1), 61-75. https://doi.org/10.1002/jtr.2241

50.

Han

Al-Ansi

Olya

H. G.

Kim

(2019). Exploring halal-friendly destination attributes in South Korea: Perceptions and behaviors of Muslim travelers toward a non-Muslim destination. Tourism Management, 71(April), 151-164. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tourman.2018.10.010

51.

Han

Hyun

S. S.

(2018). Role of motivations for luxury cruise traveling, satisfaction, and involvement in building traveler loyalty. International Journal of Hospitality Management, 70(March), 75-84. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhm.2017.10.024

52.

Henderson

J. C.

(2016). Halal food, certification and halal tourism: Insights from Malaysia and Singapore. Tourism Management Perspectives, 19(Part B, July), 160-164. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tmp.2015.12.006

53.

Henseler

Ringle

C. M.

Sarstedt

(2015). A new criterion for assessing discriminant validity in variance-based structural equation modeling. Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science, 43(1), 115-135. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11747-014-0403-8

54.

Henseler

Ringle

C. M.

Sarstedt

(2016). Testing measurement invariance of composites using partial least squares. International Marketing Review, 33(3), 405-431. https://doi.org/10.1108/IMR-09-2014-0304

55.

Henseler

Ringle

C. M.

Sinkovics

R. R.

(2009). The use of partial least squares path modeling in international marketing. In Sinkovics

R. R.

Ghauri

P. N.

(Ed.), New challenges to international marketing (pp. 277-319). Emerald. https://doi.org/10.1108/S1474-7979(2009)0000020014

56.

Hsu

C. H.

Huang

S. S.

(2016). Reconfiguring Chinese cultural values and their tourism implications. Tourism Management, 54(June), 230-242. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tourman.2015.11.011

57.

Huang

S. S.

Crotts

(2019). Relationships between Hofstede’s cultural dimensions and tourist satisfaction: A cross-country cross-sample examination. Tourism Management, 72(June), 232-241. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tourman.2018.12.001

58.

Hulland

Baumgartner

Smith

K. M.

(2018). Marketing survey research best practices: Evidence and recommendations from a review of JAMS articles. Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science, 46(1), 92-108. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11747-017-0532-y

59.

Hwang

Sarstedt

Cheah

J. H.

Ringle

C. M.

(2020). A concept analysis of methodological research on composite-based structural equation modeling: Bridging PLSPM and GSCA. Behaviormetrika, 47(1), 219-241. https://doi.org/10.1007/s41237-019-00085-5

60.

Indonesia Investments. (2019, February 12). Religion in Indonesia. https://www.indonesia-investments.com/culture/religion/item69

61.

Islamic Tourist Center of Malaysia. (2015). Penang not promoting Muslim tourist spots, claims Jahara. https://www.freemalaysiatoday.com/category/nation/2016/11/17/penang-not-promoting-muslim-tourist-spots-claims-jahara/

62.

Jani

Han

(2011). Investigating the key factors affecting behavioral intentions: Evidence from a full-service restaurant setting. International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management, 23(7), 1000-1018. https://doi.org/10.1108/09596111111167579

63.

Jeaheng

Al-Ansi

Han

(2019). Halal-friendly hotels: Impact of halal-friendly attributes on guest purchase behaviors in the Thailand hotel industry. Journal of Travel & Tourism Marketing, 36(6), 730-747. https://doi.org/10.1080/10548408.2019.1631940

64.

Jin

Kavan

(2016). Factors influencing perceived crowding of tourists and sustainable tourism destination management. Sustainability, 8(10), 976. https://doi.org/10.3390/su8100976

65.

Jönsson

Devonish

(2008). Does nationality, gender, and age affect travel motivation? A case of visitors to the Caribbean island of Barbados. Journal of Travel & Tourism Marketing, 25(3-4), 398-408. https://doi.org/10.1080/10548400802508499

66.

Keil

Tan

B. C.

Wei

K.-K.

Saarinen

Tuunainen

Wassenaar

(2000). A cross-cultural study on escalation of commitment behavior in software projects. MIS Quarterly, 24(2), 299-325. https://doi.org/10.2307/3250940

67.

Khan

M. A.

Hefny

(2019). Systematic assessment of theory-based research in hospitality management: A prelude to building theories. Journal of Hospitality & Tourism Research, 43(4), 464-488. https://doi.org/10.1177/1096348019830176

68.

Kim

S. S.

Kim

(2018). Perceived values of TV drama, audience involvement, and behavioral intention in film tourism. Journal of Travel & Tourism Marketing, 35(3), 259-272. https://doi.org/10.1080/10548408.2016.1245172

69.

Kim

S. S.

Petrick

J. F.

(2005). Residents’ perceptions on impacts of the FIFA 2002 World Cup: The case of Seoul as a host city. Tourism Management, 26(1), 25-38. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tourman.2003.09.013

70.

Kim

Malek

(2017). Effects of self-congruity and destination image on destination loyalty: The role of cultural differences. Anatolia, 28(1), 1-13. https://doi.org/10.1080/13032917.2016.1239209

71.

Kock

Lynn

(2012). Lateral collinearity and misleading results in variance-based SEM: An illustration and recommendations. Journal of the Association for Information Systems, 13(7), 546-580. https://doi.org/10.17705/1jais.00302

72.

Kotler

Armstrong

(2011). Principles of marketing (14th ed.). Pearson/Prentice Hall

73.

Kozak

(2001). Comparative assessment of tourist satisfaction with destinations across two nationalities. Tourism Management, 22(4), 391-401. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0261-5177(00)00064-9

74.

Kreiner

N. C.

Shmueli

D. F.

Gal

M. B.

(2015). Understanding conflicts at religious-tourism sites: The Baha’i World Center, Israel. Tourism Management Perspectives, 16(October), 228-236. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tmp.2015.04.001

75.

Kuo

C. M.

(2007). The importance of hotel employee service attitude and the satisfaction of international tourists. Service Industries Journal, 27(8), 1073-1085. https://doi.org/10.1080/02642060701673752

76.

Látková

Vogt

C. A.

(2012). Residents’ attitudes toward existing and future tourism development in rural communities. Journal of Travel Research, 51(1), 50-67. https://doi.org/10.1177/0047287510394193

77.

Lee

B. Y.

Park

S. Y.

(2019). The role of customer delight and customer equity for loyalty in upscale hotels. Journal of Hospitality and Tourism Management, 39(June), 175-184. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhtm.2019.04.003

78.

Lee

Hwang

Shim

(2019). Experiential festival attributes, perceived value, satisfaction, and behavioral intention for Korean festivalgoers. Tourism and Hospitality Research, 19(2), 199-212. https://doi.org/10.1177/1467358417738308

79.

Lee

T. H.

(2013). Influence analysis of community resident support for sustainable tourism development. Tourism Management, 34(February), 37-46. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tourman.2012.03.007

80.

Leslie

(1998). The Integration of religious minorities in China: The case of Chinese Muslims (Vol. 59). Australian National University.

81.

Lim

Chuah

Cham

Rozali

(2019). I see, and I hunt: The link between gastronomy online reviews, involvement and behavioural intention towards ethnic food. British Food Journal, 122(6), 1777-1800. https://doi.org/10.1108/BFJ-07-2018-0459

82.

Lin

V. S.

Mao

Song

(2015). Tourism expenditure patterns in China. Annals of Tourism Research, 54(September), 100-117. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.annals.2015.07.001

83.

Marcussen

C. H.

(2011). Determinants of tourist spending in cross-sectional studies and at Danish destinations. Tourism Economics, 17(4), 833-855. https://doi.org/10.5367/te.2011.0068

84.

Maruyama

N. U.

Keith

S. J.

Woosnam

K. M.

(2019). Incorporating emotion into social exchange: Considering distinct resident groups’ attitudes towards ethnic neighborhood tourism in Osaka, Japan. Journal of Sustainable Tourism, 27(8), 1125-1141. https://doi.org/10.1080/09669582.2019.1593992

85.

Mason

C. H.

Perreault

W. D.

(1991). Collinearity, power, and interpretation of multiple regression analysis. Journal of Marketing Research, 28(3), 268-280. https://doi.org/10.1177/002224379102800302

86.

McGehee

N. G.

Andereck

K. L.

(2004). Factors predicting rural residents’ support of tourism. Journal of Travel Research, 43(2), 131-140. https://doi.org/10.1177/0047287504268234

87.

Mohsin

Ramli

Alkhulayfi

B. A.

(2016). Halal tourism: Emerging opportunities. Tourism Management Perspectives, 19(Pt B, July), 137-143. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tmp.2015.12.010

88.

Nowak

Kochkova

(2011). Income, culture, and household consumption expenditure patterns in the European Union: Convergence or divergence? Journal of International Consumer Marketing, 23(3-4), 260-275. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/254365374_Income_Culture_and_Household_Consumption_Expenditure_Patterns_in_the_European_Union_Convergence_or_Divergence

89.

Nunally

J. C.

Bernstein

I. H.

(1978). Psychometric theory. McGraw-Hill.

90.

Nunkoo

Ramkissoon

(2012). Power, trust, social exchange and community support. Annals of Tourism Research, 39(2), 997-1023. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.annals.2011.11.017

91.

Oktadiana

Pearce

P. L.

Chon

(2016). Muslim travellers’ needs: What don’t we know? Tourism Management Perspectives, 20(October), 124-130. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tmp.2016.08.004

92.

Olya

H. G.

Al-ansi

(2018). Risk assessment of halal products and services: Implication for tourism industry. Tourism Management, 65(April), 279-291. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tourman.2017.10.015

93.

Ooi

C. S.

(2019). Asian tourists and cultural complexity: Implications for practice and the Asianisation of tourism scholarship. Tourism Management Perspectives, 31(July), 14-23. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tmp.2019.03.007

94.

Pantouvakis

(2013). The moderating role of nationality on the satisfaction loyalty link: Evidence from the tourism industry. Total Quality Management & Business Excellence, 24(9-10), 1174-1187. https://doi.org/10.1080/14783363.2013.776758

95.

Pestana

M. H.

Parreira

Moutinho

(2020). Motivations, emotions and satisfaction: The keys to a tourism destination choice. Journal of Destination Marketing & Management, 16(June). Advance online publication. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jdmm.2018.12.006

96.

Pizam

Sussmann

(1995). Does nationality affect tourist behavior? Annals of Tourism Research, 22(4), 901-917. https://doi.org/10.1016/0160-7383(95)00023-5

97.

Podsakoff

P. M.

MacKenzie

S. B.

Lee

J.-Y.

Podsakoff

N. P.

(2003). Common method biases in behavioral research: A critical review of the literature and recommended remedies. Journal of Applied Psychology, 88(5), 879-903. https://doi.org/10.1037/0021-9010.88.5.879

98.

Prayag

Ryan

(2011). The relationship between the “push” and “pull” factors of a tourist destination: The role of nationality—An analytical qualitative research approach. Current Issues in Tourism, 14(2), 121-143. https://doi.org/10.1080/13683501003623802

99.

Pun

K. F.

Chin

K. S.

Lau

(2000). A review of the Chinese cultural influences on Chinese enterprise management. International Journal of Management Reviews, 2(4), 325-338. https://doi.org/10.1111/1468-2370.00045

100.

Rather

R. A.

Hollebeek

L. D.

(2019). Exploring and validating social identification and social exchange-based drivers of hospitality customer loyalty. International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management, 31(3), 1432-1451. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJCHM-10-2017-0627

101.

Razzaq

Hall

C. M.

Prayag

(2016). The capacity of New Zealand to accommodate the halal tourism market—or not. Tourism Management Perspectives, 18(April), 92-97. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tmp.2016.01.008

102.

Reuters

Standard

(2016). State of the global Islamic economy report 2016/17. http://13.251.163.42/wp-content/uploads/2019/02/ThomsonReuters-stateoftheGlobalIslamicEconomyReport201617.pdf

103.

Ringle

C. M.

Wende

Becker

J.-M.

(2015). SmartPLS 3 [Computer software]. SmartPLS GmbH.

104.

Saleh

Ryan

(1991). Analysing service quality in the hospitality industry using the SERVQUAL model. Service Industries Journal, 11(3), 324-345. https://doi.org/10.1080/02642069100000049

105.

Salleh

N. Z. M.

Hamid

A. B. A.

Hashim

N. H.

Omain

S. Z.

(2014). The practice of Shariah-compliant hotel in Malaysia. International Journal of Trade, Economics and Finance, 5(1), 26-30. https://doi.org/10.7763/IJTEF.2014.V5.335

106.

Santos

Caldeira

Santos

Oliveira

(2019). Wine Tourism Experience in the Tejo Region: The influence of sensory impressions on post-visit behaviour intentions. International Journal of Marketing, Communication and New Media, 5, 54-75. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/333578922_Wine_Tourism_Experience_in_the_Tejo_Region_The_influence_of_sensory_impressions_on_post-visit_behavior_intentions_International_Journal_of_Marketing_Communication_and_New_Media_Special_Issue_5_-_Touri

107.

Sarstedt

Cheah

J.-H.

(2019). Partial least squares structural equation modeling using SmartPLS: A software review. Journal of Marketing Analytics, 7(September), 196-202. https://doi.org/10.1057/s41270-019-00058-3

108.

Sarstedt

Hair

J. F.

Cheah

J. H.

Becker

J. M.

Ringle

C. M.

(2019). How to specify, estimate, and validate higher-order constructs in PLS-SEM. Australasian Marketing Journal, 27(3), 197-211. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ausmj.2019.05.003

109.

Sarstedt

Henseler

Ringle

C. M.

(2011). Multigroup analysis in partial least squares (PLS) path modeling: Alternative methods and empirical results. In Sarstedt

Schwaiger

Taylor

C. R.

(Ed.), Measurement and research methods in international marketing (pp. 195-218). Emerald. https://doi.org/10.1108/S1474-7979(2011)0000022012

110.

Sarstedt

Ringle

C. M.

Hair

J. F.

(2017). Partial least squares structural equation modeling. In Homburg

Klarmann

Vomberg

(Eds.), Handbook of market research (pp. 1-40). Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-05542-8_15-1

111.

Seetanah

Teeroovengadum

Nunkoo

R. S.

(2018). Destination satisfaction and revisit intention of tourists: Does the quality of airport services matter? Journal of Hospitality & Tourism Research, 14(1), 134-148. https://doi.org/10.1177/1096348018798446

112.

Sharma

P. N.

Shmueli

Sarstedt

Danks

Ray

(2019). Prediction-oriented model selection in partial least squares path modeling. Decision Sciences. Advance online publication. https://doi.org/10.1111/deci.12329

113.

Sinclair-Maragh

(2017). Demographic analysis of residents’ support for tourism development in Jamaica. Journal of Destination Marketing & Management, 6(1), 5-12. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jdmm.2016.03.005

114.

Soldatenko

Backer

(2019). A content analysis of cross-cultural motivational studies in tourism relating to nationalities. Journal of Hospitality and Tourism Management, 38(March), 122-139. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhtm.2018.12.004

115.

The Star. (2015, April 18). Muslim Tourism is a promising market. https://www.thestar.com.my/travel/malaysia/2015/04/18/muslim-tourism-is-a-promising-market

116.

The Star. (2018, September 6). Ministry to push for multi-billion dollar halal tourism. https://www.thestar.com.my/news/nation/2018/09/06/ministry-to-push-for-multibillion-dollar-halal-tourism

117.

Steenkamp

J. B. E.

(2001). The role of national culture in international marketing research. International Marketing Review, 18(1), 30-44. https://doi.org/10.1108/02651330110381970

118.

Stephenson

M. L.

(2014). Deciphering “Islamic hospitality”: Developments, challenges and opportunities. Tourism Management, 40(February), 155-164. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tourman.2013.05.002

119.

Suhartanto

Brien

Sumarjan

Wibisono

(2018). Examining attraction loyalty formation in creative tourism. International Journal of Quality and Service Sciences, 10(2), 163-175. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJQSS-08-2017-0068

120.

The Sun Daily. (2019, July 11). Three initiatives to promote Islamic tourism. https://www.thesundaily.my/local/three-initiatives-to-promote-islamic-tourism-FM1097546

121.

Tanford

Jung

(2017). Festival attributes and perceptions: A meta-analysis of relationships with satisfaction and loyalty. Tourism Management, 61(August), 209-220. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tourman.2017.02.005

122.

Thrane

Farstad

(2012). Nationality as a segmentation criterion in tourism research: The case of international tourists’ expenditures while on trips in Norway. Tourism Economics, 18(1), 203-217. https://doi.org/10.5367/te.2012.0110

123.

Ting

Fam

K. S.

Hwa

J. C. J.

Richard

J. E.

Xing

(2019). Ethnic food consumption intention at the touring destination: The national and regional perspectives using multi-group analysis. Tourism Management, 71(April), 518-529. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tourman.2018.11.001

124.

Torres

E. N.

Lehto

(2014). Examining key drivers of customer delight in a hotel experience: A cross-cultural perspective. International Journal of Hospitality Management, 36(January), 255-262. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhm.2013.09.007

125.

Tourism Malaysia. (2019). Tourist arrivals by country. http://mytourismdata.tourism.gov.my/?page_id=232#!range=year&from=2016&to=2019&type=55876201563fe,558762c48155c&destination=34MY&origin=3,32CN,34ID

126.

Travel Guide Malaysia. (2019). Best time to visit Malaysia. http://travelmalaysiaguide.com/best-time-to-visit-mdaalaysia/

127.

Tsang

N. K.

Lee

L. Y.-S.

(2015). Service quality research on China’s hospitality and tourism industry. International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management, 27(3), 473-497. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJCHM-01-2014-0048

128.

Vargas-Sánchez

Moral-Moral

(2019). Halal tourism: State of the art. Tourism Review, 74(3), 385-399. https://doi.org/10.1108/TR-01-2018-0015

129.

Wang

Chen

J. S.

(2015). The influence of place identity on perceived tourism impacts. Annals of Tourism Research, 52(May), 16-28. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.annals.2015.02.016

130.

Ward

Berno

(2011). Beyond social exchange theory: Attitudes toward tourists. Annals of Tourism Research, 38(4), 1556-1569. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.annals.2011.02.005

131.

Welch

B. L.

(1947). The generalization of students’ problem when several different population variances are involved. Biometrika, 34(1/2), 28-35. https://doi.org/10.1093/biomet/34.1-2.28

132.

World Population Review. (2019). Muslim population by country 2019. http://worldpopulationreview.com/countries/muslim-population-by-country/

133.

Yang. (2013). Peaceful coexistence between Islam and Confucianism in China. http://icrs.ugm.ac.id/news/137/peaceful-coexistence-between-islam-and-confucianism-in-china.html

134.

Yousaf

Xiucheng

(2018). Halal culinary and tourism marketing strategies on government websites: A preliminary analysis. Tourism Management, 68(October), 423-443. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tourman.2018.04.006

135.

Yuksel

(2004). Shopping experience evaluation: A case of domestic and international visitors. Tourism Management, 25(6), 751-759. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tourman.2003.09.012

136.

Yuksel

(2001). Measurement and management issues in customer satisfaction research: Review, critique and research agenda: Part One. Journal of Travel & Tourism Marketing, 10(4), 47-80. https://doi.org/10.1300/J073v10n04_03

137.

Zamani-Farahani

Henderson

J. C.

(2010). Islamic tourism and managing tourism development in Islamic societies: the cases of Iran and Saudi Arabia. International Journal of Tourism Research, 12(1), 79-89. https://doi.org/10.1002/jtr.741

138.

Zhang

Wang

Cheng

(2020). Peer-to-peer accommodation experience: A Chinese cultural perspective. Tourism Management Perspectives, 33(January), 100621. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tmp.2019.100621

Supplementary Material

Please find the following supplemental material available below.

For Open Access articles published under a Creative Commons License, all supplemental material carries the same license as the article it is associated with.

For non-Open Access articles published, all supplemental material carries a non-exclusive license, and permission requests for re-use of supplemental material or any part of supplemental material shall be sent directly to the copyright owner as specified in the copyright notice associated with the article.

0.00 MB

0.13 MB