An exploratory study of managers with individual affiliate memberships in the American Hotel & Lodging Association was undertaken to (a) determine if any underlying dimensions are perceived within diversity management training initiatives (DMTIs) used in the lodging industry and (b) determine if managers can be grouped according to the importance placed on DMTIs. A survey was mailed to a random sample of 998 managers. A principal components analysis explaining 75% of the variance revealed that five underlying dimensions represented the DMTIs. Three groups of managers were identified from a hierarchical cluster procedure.
Bowman, C.
(1997, November). Employment outlook: 1996-2006: BLS Projections to 2006—A Summary. Retrieved December 1997 from http://stats.bls.gov.news.release/ecopro.nws.htm
2.
Brady, T.
(1996, June). The downside of diversity. Management Review, 85(6), 29-32.
3.
Charles, R. (1994). Exploratory study on factors affecting the recruitment, retention and promotion of blacks in upper-level lodging management. Unpublished master's thesis, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg.
4.
Charles, R.
, & McCleary, K. (1997, February). Recruitment and retention of African-American managers. The Cornell Hotel and Restaurant Administration Quarterly, 38(1), 24-29.
5.
Christensen, J.
(1993). The diversity dynamic: Implications for organizations in 2005. Hospitality Research Journal, 17(1), 69-86.
6.
Cox, T.
(1993). Cultural diversity in organizations: Theory, research & practice. San Francisco: Berrett-Koehler.
7.
Cross, E. Y.
, Katz, J. H., Miller, F., & Seashore, E. W. (1994). The promise of diversity. Burr Ridge, IL: Irwin.
8.
Dacy, M.
(1998). Hot topics for 1998: American Hotel & Motel Association. Retrieved December 1998 from http//www.ei-ahma.org/webs/ahma/media/hottopics.htm
9.
Dove, P.
(1996, July). Change is coming. Lodging, 29-30.
10.
Dovidio, J.
(1993). The subtlety of racism. Training & Development, 47(4), 51-57.
11.
Enz, C.
(1993). Organizational architectures for the 21st century: The redesign of hospitality firms. Hospitality Research Journal, 17(1), 103-109.
12.
Farrar, A. (1996). It's all about relationships: African-American and European-American women's hotel management career. Unpublished doctoral dissertation, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg.
13.
Gamio, M.
, & Sneed, J. (1992). Cross-cultural training practices and needs in the hotel industry. Hospitality Research Journal, 15(3), 13-26.
14.
Gregory, S.
, & Hughes, B. (1996). Managing a diverse workforce. Hospitality & Tourism Educator, 8(23), 111-114.
15.
Guadagnoli, H.
, & Velicer, W. (1988). Relation of sample size to the stability of component patterns. Psychological Bulletin, 103(2), 265-275.
16.
Hair, J.
, Anderson, R., Tatham, R., & Black, W. (1992). Multivariate data analysis with readings (3rd ed.). New York: Macmillan.
17.
Hair, J.
, Anderson, R., Tatham, R., & Black, W. (1998). Multivariate data analysis with readings (4th ed.). Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice Hall.
18.
Henderson, G.
(Ed.). (1994). Cultural diversity in the workplace: Issues and strategies. Westport, CT: Praeger.
19.
Horrigan, M.
(1997). Employment and Training Administration (ETA): Report. Retrieved December 1998 from the Bureau of Labor Statistics Web site: http://stats.bls.gov/news.release/sept1.to4.htm
20.
Jamieson, D.
, & O'Mara, J. (1991). Managing Workforce 2000: Gaining the diversity advantage. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass.
21.
Lee, C. (1994). A study of cultural diversity training practices in company-owned franchise restaurants. Unpublished master's thesis, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg.
22.
Lubove, S.
(1997, December). Damned if you do, damned if you don't. Forbes, 126-130.
23.
McCune, J.
(1996). Diversity training: a competitive weapon. Management Review, 85(6), 25-29.
24.
Nemetz, P.
, & Christensen, S. (1996). The challenge of cultural diversity: Harnessing a diversity view to understand multiculturalism. Academy of Management Review, 21(2), 434-462.
25.
Oppenheim, A. N.
(1966). Questionnaire design and attitude measurement. New York: Basic Books.
26.
Overmyer-Day, L.
(1995). The pitfalls of diversity training. Training & Development, 49(12), 24-30.
27.
Parasuraman, A.
, Zeithaml, V. A., & Berry, L. L. (1998). SERVQUAL: A multiple-item scale for measuring consumer perceptions of service quality. Journal of Retailing, 64(1), 12-37.
28.
Quek, P.
(1997, January). Managing a diverse workforce. Lodging, 23(5), 19-20.
29.
Thomas, C.
(1994). The downside of diversity. Training & Development, 48(1), 60-62.
30.
Thomas, R.
(1991). Beyond race and gender: Unleashing the power of your total work force by managing diversity. New York: AMACOM.
31.
Thomas, R.
(1996). Redefining diversity. HR Focus, 73(4), 6-7.
32.
Wheeler, M. (1994, August). Diversity Training (Report No. 1083-94R). The Conference Board.
33.
Wheeler, M. (1995, November). Diversity: Business rationale and strategies (Report No. 1130-95-RR). The Conference Board.
34.
Wheeler, M.
(1996, December). Diversity: Making the business case [Special Advertising Section]. Business Week.
