In this report we review the history of high-performance computing (HPC) system development and applications in China and describe the current status of major government programs, HPC centers and facilities, major research institutions, important HPC application fields, and domestic vendor activities. A comparison between China and developed nations, such as the United States, European countries, and Japan, in terms of system development level, application level, and long-term planning, is also briefly provided. In addition, the authors also include a few predictions about future directions for China’s HPC technology and applications.
Advisory Group for Strategic Study on High-Performance Computing, Division of Mathematics and Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences. Suggestions on Accelerating Development of High-Performance Computing in China, e-Science Technology and Application, 2008, 1(3): 1-7.
2.
Annual Report of Shanghai Supercomputing Center. (2008). Shanghai: SSC.
3.
Applications are the key to the popularity of HPC. Available at http://server.doit.com.cn/article/2009/0107/2399593.shtml. Jan 7th, 2009.
4.
Asanović, K. et al. (2006). The landscape of parallel computing research: a view from Berkeley. Technical Report No. UCB/ EECS-2006-183, December 18.
5.
ATIP09.013: Transforming Product Development in China - a ATIP report published at following link:http://www.atip.org/atip-publications/atip-reports/2009/6965-atip09-013-transforming-product-development-in-china.html.
6.
Bader, D. A. (Ed.) Petascale Computing: Algorithms and Applications. Chapman & Hall/CRC , Dec 2007.
7.
CAS Institute of Biophysics. Available at http://www.ibp.ac.cn/c/04/archive/05/c/runshengchen.html
8.
CAS Institute of Physics. Available at http://hre.iphy.ac.cn/ability/rjcwds.asp
9.
China TOP100 List. Nov 2nd, 2009. http://www.samss.org.cn
10.
CNGrid. Available at http://i.cs.hku.hk/∼clwang/grid/CNGrid.html
11.
Dean, J. and Ghemawat, S. ( 2004). MapReduce: simplified data processing on large clusters . In Sixth Symposium on Operating System Design and Implementation (OSDI’04), San Francisco, CA, December.
12.
Fan, L. et al. (2008). Design and implementation of parallelized single particle reconstruction software EMAN. In Proceedings of HPC China, Wuxi, Jiangsu Province .
13.
Galaxy Series. Available at http://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%93%B6%E6%B2%B3%E8%AE%A1%E7%AE%97%E6%9C%BA
14.
Gao, Q.Vector Computer 757. Sept 25th, 2009. Available at http://www.techcn.com.cn/index.php?doc-view-135769
15.
Gui, W. ( 2008). Should Pay More Attention to Applied and Fundamental Study for High-Performance Computing, e-Science Technology and Application, 2008, 1(3): 8-11.
16.
High-performance Computer Standardization Committee of CESA. Available at http://www.hpcsc.org/
17.
History of Bioinformatics. Jan 2nd, 2009. Available at http://www.xinkexue.com/wiki-doc-docid-530.html. Jan 2nd, 2009.
18.
Hu, S. ( 2003). Wizard of calculation on the bank of Huaihe River: new academician of Chinese academy of sciences, Prof. Chen Guoliang. USTC News489, December.
19.
Hu, W., Zhang, F. and Li, Z. ( 2006). Design and performance analysis of the Godson-2 Processor . J. Comput. Res. Dev. 43(6): 959-966.
20.
Kogge, P.M. et al. (2008). ExaScale computing study: technology challenges in achieving Exascale systems. Washington, DC: DARPA Information Processing Techniques Office, p. 278, September 28.
21.
Large-scale graph computing at Google. June 2009. Available at http://googleresearch.blogspot.com/2009/06/large-scale-graph-computing-at-google.html
22.
Li, G.From Computer103 to Dawning series: history of high-performance general-purpose computers R&D in China. June 2006. Available at http://www.ict.cas.cn/liguojiewenxuan/wzlj/lgjkp/200909/t20090915_2483677.html
23.
Microsoft Research.Dryad project, 2010. Available at http://research.microsoft.com/en-us/projects/Dryad/
24.
National High-Tech R&D Program ( 863 Program) IT field key project (2009). High-efficiency computer and grid service environment. Project Application Guide of 2009.
25.
National Research Center for Intelligent Computing Systems.Achievements of Scientific Research, July 2009. http://www.ncic.ac.cn/product/product.htm
26.
Oil field development large-scale data processing system.Guangming Daily, February 9, 2000 Available at http://www.gmw.cn/01gmrb/2000-02/09/GB/02%5E18325%5E0%5EGMA3-010.htm
27.
Qian, Di. ( 2009). High-efficiency computers and grid service environment . Key project progress. Comm. CCF5(4): 74-78.
28.
Semiconductor Industries Association. (2006 ). International Technology Roadmap for Semiconductors. Available at http://www.itrs.net/Links/2006Update/2006UpdateFinal.htm .
29.
Sun, N. ( 2007a). HPC China 2007 report.
30.
Sun, N. ( 2008). HPC China 2008 report.
31.
Sun, N.Research of high-performance computers in ICT. Jan 10th, 2004 . Available at http://www.ncic.ac.cn/road/road3_10.htm
32.
Sun, N., Li K. and Chen, M. ( 2008). HPP: an architecture for high performance and utility computing. Chin. J. Comput. 31(9): 1503-1508.
33.
Sun, N. et al. (2009). Survey of scalable applications and scalable systems. 7(1): 1-34.
34.
TOP500 List. (2010). Available at http://www.top500.org/
35.
Wang, H.Revolutions in geophysical computer, Progress in Expolration Geophysics, 2009, 32(4): 233-238.
Wu, C. et al. (2005). An overview of the open research compiler . Lang. Compilers High Perform. Comput. vol. 3602: 17-31.
38.
Xi, Z.Operation Analysis of Shanghai Supercomputing Center for the first five years , Development and Applications of HPC, 2005(4): 2-6.
39.
Yang, X. ( 2006). The development and challenges of high-performance computers . Report of Computer Science &Technology Development in China.
40.
Zhan, J. et al. (2009). High-throughput computing: An ICT View. Technical Report, Institute of Computing Technology.
41.
Zhang, J., Zhang, H. and Li, H. ( 2008). Design of Teraflops high-performance computer KD-50-I based on Loongson-2F CPU. J. USTC38(1): 105-108.
42.
Zhang, Y., Sun, J., Yuan, G. and Zhang, L. ( 2008). Comparison and analysis of 2007 high-performance computer list. Comm. CCF4(4): 80-85.
43.
Zhang, Z.-H. et al. (2006). Easy and reliable cluster management: the self-management experience of Fire Phoenix, Second Workshop on System Management Tools for Large-Scale Parallel Systems (SMTPS workshop) held in conjunction with the 20th International Parallel and Distributed Processing Symposium (IPDPS 2006), April 25-April 29, Rhodes Island, Greece . IPDPS.
44.
http://www.ciw.com.cn/News/hotnews/2006-10-26/9905.shtml.Transcript of China Computer Development 50th Anniversary & 2006 China National Computer Conference, Oct 26th, 2006.
45.
http://www.biotech.org.cn/fruit/news_show.php?id=33969.Who is the Big Winner in DNA Sequencing?, May 15th, 2006.
46.
http://www.it.com.cn/f/market/0810/20/675599.htm.Gene comparison: Shining new light on Drug Design, Oct 20th, 2008.
