The Expert Panel for Cosmetic Ingredient Safety (Panel) reviewed the safety of 5 titanium complexes as used in cosmetic products; these ingredients have the following reported functions in cosmetics: surface modifier (Isopropyl Titanium Triisostearate); colorant; humectant (Titanium Citrate); binder (Titanium Ethoxide); film former; opacifying agent (Titanium Isostearates); and preservative (Titanium Salicylate). The Panel reviewed relevant data relating to the safety of these ingredients in cosmetic formulations and issued the following separate conclusions. Isopropyl Titanium Triisostearate is safe in cosmetics in the present practices of use and concentration described in the safety assessment, when used as a surface modifier. The data are insufficient to determine the safety of Titanium Citrate, Titanium Ethoxide, Titanium Isostearates, and Titanium Salicylate.
Kenrich Petrochemicals, Inc. Summary information. Isopropyl Titanium Triisostearate. Unpublished data submitted by the Personal Care Products Council on 5-15-2018; 2018. p. 1.
5.
Kobo Products, Inc. Isopropyl titanium triisostearate surface treatment. Unpublished data submitted by the Personal Care Products Council on 7-9-2018; 2018. pp. 1-3.
6.
AarabiMHMoshtaghieAAMirhashemiM. Comparative in vitro study of the intestinal absorption of titanium and iron in rats. Pak J Biol Sci. 2011;14(20):945-949.
7.
SGS. Test report (metal analysis of TIPT (titanium compound used in the manufacture of isopropyl titanium triisostearate)). Unpublished data submitted by the Personal Care Products Council on 5-15-2018; 2016. pp.1-10.
8.
U.S. Food and Drug Administration Center for Food Safety & Applied Nutrition (CFSAN). Voluntary Cosmetic Registration Program – Frequency of Use of Cosmetic Ingredients. College Park, MD; 2019. Obtained under the Freedom of Information Act from CFSAN; requested as “Frequency of Use Data” January 3, 2019; received February 13, 2019.
9.
Personal Care Products Council. Updated concentration of use Information: organo-titanium ingredients (all uses reported are as a surface modifier). Unpublished data submitted by the Personal Care Products Council on January 17, 2019; 2019.
AylottRIByrneGAMiddletonJRobertsME. Normal use levels of respirable cosmetic talc: preliminary study. Int J Cosmet Sci. 1979;1(3):177-186.
12.
RussellRSMerzRDShermanWTSivertsonJN. The determination of respirable particles in talcum powder. Food Cosmet Toxicol. 1979;17(2):117-122.
13.
CIR Science and Support Committee of the Personal Care Products Council (CIR SSC). 11-3-2015. Cosmetic powder exposure. Unpublished data submitted by the Personal Care Products Council.
14.
Van BommelMJBernardsTNM. Spin coating of titanium ethoxide solutions. J Sol Gel Sci Technol. 1997;8(1-3):459-463.
15.
LiMLuoBLiuQ, et al.Synthesis of N-Acyl-N,O-acetals mediated by titanium ethoxide. Org Lett. 2014;16(1):10-13.
16.
SchwietertCWMcCueJP. Coordination compounds in medicinal chemistry. Coord Chem Rev. 1999;184(1):67-89.
17.
Richard Costlow Consulting, LLC. Ken-React® KR® TTS (isopropyl titanium triisostearate): summary of toxicology data for regulatory compliance. Unpublished data submitted by the Personal Care Products Council on 5-15-2018; 2018. pp. 1-5.
18.
Consumer Product Testing Company, Inc. Primary ocular irritation in rabbits; Acute oral toxicity in rats (black iron oxide with 2% of isopropyl titanium triisostearate). Unpublished dta submitted by the Personal Care Products Council on 7-9-2018; 1987. pp. 1-16.
19.
CollinsJMUppalRIncarvitoCDValentineAM. Titanium (IV) citrate speciation and structure under environmentally and biologically relevant conditions. Inorg Chem. 2005;44(10):3431-3440.
20.
SuwalskyMVillenaFNorrisB, et al.Structural effects of titanium citrate on the human erythrocyte membrane. J Inorg Biochem. 2005;99(3):764-770.
21.
TizianaGGraziaDPietroR, et al.Morphological and functional alterations in human red blood cells treated with titanium citrate. Pharmacol Pharm. 2011;02(3):116-121.
22.
Consumer Product Testing Company, Inc. Primary dermal irritation in rabbits (black iron oxide with 2% of isopropyl titanium triisostearate). Unpublished data submitted by the Personal Care Products Council on 7-9-2018; 1987. pp. 1-8.
23.
ANONYMOUS. Human patch test: concealer containing 0.4% isopropyl titanium triisostearate. Unpublished data submitted by the Personal Care Products Council on 4-9-2018; 2006. pp. 1.
24.
TKL Research, Inc. Human repeated patch test with challenge (eye powder containing 1.4% isopropyl titanium triisostearate). Unpublished data submited by the Personal Care Products Council on 5-8-2018; 2012. pp. 1-19.
25.
TKL Research Inc. Repeated insult patch test study (foundation containing 0.433% isopropyl titanium triisostearate used as a surface modifier). Unpublished data submitted by Personal Care Products Council on 10/4/18; 2013.
26.
KGL Inc. An evaluation of the contact-sensitization potential of a topical coded product in human skin by means of the maximization assay (foundation containing 0.4% isopropyl titanium triisostearate). Unpublished data submitted by the Personal Care Products council on 4-9-2018; 2006. pp. 1-12.
27.
Clinical Research Laboratories Inc. Repeated insult patch test (foundation containing 0.348% isopropyl titanium triisostearate used as a surface modifier). Unpublished data submitted by Personal Care Products Council at 10/4/18; 2013.
28.
Anonymous. Summaries of HRIPTs of products containing isopropyl titanium triisostearate used as a surface modifier. Unpublished data submitted by Personal Care Products Council on 11/07/18; 2018.
29.
TKL Research. Human repeated insult patch test study of a foundation topcoat containing 0.102% isopropyl titanium triisostearate. Unpublished data submitted by the Personal Care Products Council on 4-23-2018; 2004. pp. 1-28.
30.
TKL Research. Phototoxicity test of a pressed powder containing 0.004% isopropyl titanium triisostearate. Unpublished data submitted by the Personal Care Products Council on 4-23-2018; 1992. pp. 1-18.
31.
Institute for In Vitro Sciences. Tissue equivalent assay with the EpiocularTM cultures (two foundation topcoats each containing 0.102% isopropyl titanium triisostearate). Unpublished data submitted by the Personal Care Products Council on 4-23-2018; 2004. pp. 1-15.
32.
de GraafNFeilzerAKleverlaanCBontkesHGibbsSRustemeyerT. A retrospective study on titanium sensitivity: patch test materials and manifestations. Contact Dermat. 2018;79:85-90.
33.
National Center for Biotechnology Information. Pubchem compound database; CID=162941. Isopropyl titanium triisostearate. https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/162941. Last Updated 2018. Accessed April 27, 2018.
