The Internal Revenue Service has been attempting to reduce tax evasion on tips paid in cash by imputing this income on the basis of credit card tip income. This note points out that the effective marginal tax rate on a credit card tip can as a result be very high, possibly in excess of 100%. This rate may affect behavior and could detract from the social acceptability of the imputation formula.
Get full access to this article
View all access options for this article.
References
1.
Auditor General of Canada. 1999. 1999 report of the auditor general of Canada. Ottawa: Government of Canada.
2.
Commission on Taxation and the Financing of Public Services. 1996. Working together for a responsible Québec. Quebec City, Canada: Government of Quebec.
3.
Frey, Bruno S.1992. Economics as a science of human behaviour. Dordrecht, the Netherlands: Kluwer.
4.
Internal Revenue Service. 1990. A study of tipping practices in the food service industry for 1984. Publication 1530, August. Washington, DC: Department of the Treasury.
5.
Internal Revenue Service. 1995. Market segment specialization program: Bars and restaurants, training manual 3149-118 (2/95) TPDS 83849L, February. Washington, DC: Department of the Treasury.
6.
Internal Revenue Service. 2000a. IRS simplifies, expands TRDAs and TRAC agreements. Publication IR-2000-26, April. Washington, DC: Department of the Treasury.
7.
Internal Revenue Service. 2000b. Annual report for 1999. Publication 3385, August. Washington, DC: Department of the Treasury.
8.
Kilgore, Peter. 1999. Brief for the Amicus Curiae National Restaurant Association in support of the district court’s decision in favour of Quietwater Entertainment, Inc., plaintiff-appellee. Washington, DC: National Restaurant Association.
9.
Lynn, M., G. M. Zinkhan, and J. Harris. 1993. Consumer tipping: A cross-country study. Journal of Consumer Research20:478-488.
10.
Newman, J. S.1988. Waiter, there’s an IRS agent in my soup. Tax Notes, August 22, 861-869.
11.
Quebec Minister of Finance. 1997. Budget speech 1997. Quebec City, Canada: Government of Quebec, March 25.
12.
Raby, B.J.W., and W. L. Raby. 1998. The war on unreported cash tips. Tax Notes, November 2, 605-611.
13.
Seligman, Dan. 1998. Why do you leave tips?Forbes, December 14, 138-140.
14.
Slemrod, J.1998. On voluntary compliance, voluntary taxes, and social capital. National Tax Journal51:485-491.
15.
Spencer, Jody L.1997. Recent development:Bubble Room, Inc. v. United States: The Court of Federal Claims says no to aggregate income estimates for employer-only FICA taxes. Georgia Law Review31:1259-1288.