Comparing Weight Loss–Maintenance Outcomes of a Worksite-Based Lifestyle Program Delivered via DVD and Face-to-Face: A Randomized Trial

Abstract

Background. Native Hawaiians and other Pacific Islanders have high rates of overweight and obesity compared with other ethnic groups in Hawai‘i. Effective weight loss and weight loss–maintenance programs are needed to address obesity and obesity-related health inequities for this group. Aims. Compare the effectiveness of a 9-month, worksite-based, weight loss–maintenance intervention delivered via DVD versus face-to-face in continued weight reduction and weight loss maintenance beyond the initial weight loss phase. Method. We tested DVD versus face-to-face delivery of the PILI@Work Program’s 9-month, weight loss–maintenance phase in Native Hawaiian–serving organizations. After completing the 3-month weight loss phase, participants (n = 217) were randomized to receive the weight loss–maintenance phase delivered via trained peer facilitators or DVDs. Participant assessments at randomization and postintervention included weight, height, blood pressure, physical functioning, exercise frequency, and fat intake. Results. Eighty-three face-to-face participants were retained at 12 months (74.1%) compared with 73 DVD participants (69.5%). There was no significant difference between groups in weight loss or weight loss maintenance. The number of lessons attended in Phase 1 of the intervention (β = 0.358, p = .022) and baseline systolic blood pressure (β = −0.038, p = .048) predicted percent weight loss at 12 months. Discussion and Conclusion. Weight loss maintenance was similar across groups. This suggests that low-cost delivery methods for worksite-based interventions targeting at-risk populations can help address obesity and obesity-related disparities. Additionally, attendance during the weight loss phase and lower baseline systolic blood pressure predicted greater percent weight loss during the weight loss–maintenance phase, suggesting that early engagement and initial physical functioning improve long-term weight loss outcomes.