This study assessed the antecedents of continued use of an education program to prevent passive smoking in infants. It consists of a booklet for parents and a manual for health professionals describing a five-step procedure for discussing passive smoking. Aquestionnairewas sent to 67 managers, 670 nurses, and 335 physiciansworking in well-baby clinics (response rate: 70%, 53%, 47% respectively). Questions concerned the completeness of use, level of institutionalization, and characteristics of the organization, the user, and the dissemination strategy. Seventy-one percent of nurses and42% of physiciansworked with the program. They foremost provided the first three steps of the five-step procedure. Physicians' completeness of usewas related to their perceived responsibility in providing this education, and nurses' use was related to their perceived self-efficacy, responsibility, training attendance, participation in the adoption decision, and level of institutionalization. Diffusion efforts should focus on improving the completeness of use and level of institutionalization.
Ajzen, I. (1991). The theory of planned behavior. Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, 50, 79-211.
2.
Armitage, C. J., & Conner, M. (2001). Efficacy of the theory of planned behaviour: A meta-analytic review. British Journal of Social Psychology, 40, 471-499.
3.
Bandura, A. (1986). Social foundations of thought and action: A social cognitive theory. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall.
4.
Bandura, A. (1992). On rectifying the comparative anatomy of perceived control: Comments on “cognates of personal control.”Applied Preventive Psychology, 1, 121-126.
5.
Bofetta, P., Trédaniel, J., & Greco, A. (1999). Parental tobacco smoke and childhood cancer [WHO/NCD/TFI/99.11]. Geneva, Switzerland: Author.
6.
Boonstra, J. J. (1992). Integral organization development: Designing and fundamental changing processes in organizations. Unpublished doctoral thesis, University of Leiden, Leiden, the Netherlands.
7.
Brown, M. (1999). Communication, trust and organizational change at a manufacturing facility: A critical incident technique analysis (Logan Aluminum Inc.). Dissertation Abstracts International, 69, 2598-2598.
8.
Conroy, M., & Shannon, W. (1995). Clinical guidelines: Their implementation in general practice. British Journal of General Practice, 45, 371-375.
9.
Cook, D. G., & Strachan, D. P. (1999). Health effects of passive smoking-10: Summary of effects of parental smoking on the respiratory health of children and implications for research. Thorax, 54, 357-366.
10.
Cousins, J. B., & Leithwood, K. A. (1993). Enhancing knowledge utilization as a strategy for school improvement. Knowledge: Creation, Diffusion, Utilization, 14, 305-333.
11.
Crandall, D. P. (1989, September). Implementation aspects of dissemination. Knowledge: Creation, Diffusion, Utilization, pp. 79-106.
12.
Crone, M. R., Reijneveld, S. A., Willemsen, M. C., & Hira Sing, R. A. (2003). Parental education on passive smoking in infancy does work. European Journal of Public Health, 13, 269-274.
13.
Doyle, W., & Ponder, G. A. (1977). The practicality ethic in teacher decision making. Interchange, 8, 1-12.
14.
Eskenazi, B., & Castorina, R. (1999). Association of prenatal maternal or postnatal child environmental tobacco smoke exposure and neurodevelopmental and behavioral problems in children. Environmental Health Perspectives, 107, 991-1000.
15.
Evans, M. G. (1991). The problem of analyzing multiplicative composites. American Psychologist, 46, 6-15.
16.
Fiore, C. (1995). Success and failure factors in organization change. Unpublished doctoral thesis, University of Leiden, Leiden, the Netherlands.
17.
Fullan, M., & Stiegelbauer, S. (1991). The new meaning of educational change. New York: Teachers College Press.
18.
Funk, S. G., Tornquist, E. M., & Champagne, M. T. (1995). Barriers and facilitators of research utilization. An integrative review. Nursing Clinics of North America, 30, 395-407.
19.
Goldstein, H., Rasbash, J., Plewis, I., Draper, D., Browne, W., Yang, M., et al. (1998). A user's guide to MlwiN. London: Institute of Education, University of London.
20.
Goodman, R. M., McLeroy, K. R., Steckler, A. B., & Hoyle, R. H. (1993). Development of level of institutionalization scales for health promotion programs. Health Education Quarterly, 20, 161-178.
21.
Goodman, R. M., & Steckler, A. B. (1989). Amodel for the institutionalization of health promotion programs. Family and Community Health, 11, 63-78.
22.
Grol, R. (1997). Personal paper: Beliefs and evidence in changing clinical practice. British Medical Journal, 315, 418-421.
23.
Grol, R. T. P. W., Everdingen, J. J. E., & Casparie, A. F. (1994). Implementation of guidelines and changes—a manual for medical, paramedical and nursing practice. Utrecht, the Netherlands: De Tijdstroom.
24.
Janssen Andeweg, C. (1994). The organizational culture inventory, a comparing study. Unpublished doctoral thesis, University of Leiden, Leiden, the Netherlands.
25.
Joyce, B., & Schowers, B. (1988). Student achievement through staff development. New York: Longman.
26.
Kellerman, S. E., & Herold, J. (2001). Physician response to surveys. A review of the literature. American Journal of Preventive Medicine, 20(1), 61-67.
27.
Lewis, L. K., & Seibold, D. R. (1996). Communication during intraorganizational innovation adoption: Predicting users' behavioral coping responses to innovation in organizations. Communication Monographs, 63, 131-157.
28.
Moskowitz, W. B., Schwartz, P. F., & Schieken, R. M. (1999). Childhood passive smoking, race, and coronary artery disease risk: The MCVTwin Study. Medical College of Virginia. Archives of Pediatrics Adolescent Medicine, 153, 446-453.
29.
O'Loughlin, J., Renaud, L., Richard, L., Sanchez-Gomes, L., & Paradis, G. (1998). Correlates of the sustainability of community-based heart health promotion interventions. Preventive Medicine, 27, 702-712.
30.
Paulussen, T. G. W. M. (1994). Adoption and implementation of AIDS education in Dutch secondary schools. Unpublished doctoral thesis, University of Maastricht, Maastricht, the Netherlands.
31.
Pijpers, F. I. M. (1999). School health policy in elementary schools. Unpublished doctoral thesis, University of Leiden, Leiden, the Netherlands.
32.
Reijneveld, S. A., Brugman, E., & Hirasing, R. A. (2000). Infantile colic: Maternal smoking as potential risk factor. Archives of Diseases in Children, 83, 302-303.
33.
Renaud, L., Chevalier, S., Dufour, R., O'Loughlin, J., Beaudet, N., Bourgeois, A., et al. (1997). Evaluation of the implementation of an educational curriculum: Optimal interventions for the adoption of an educational program of health in elementary schools. Canadian Journal of Public Health, 88, 351-353.
34.
Rogers, E. M. (1995). Diffusion of innovations. New York: Free Press.
35.
Schulman, J. A., Trujillo, M. J., & Karney, B. R. (2001). Facets: Computer software for evaluating assessment tools. American Journal of Health Behavior, 25(1), 75-77.
36.
Shediac-Rizkallah, M. C., & Bone, L. R. (1998). Planning for the sustainability of communitybased health programs: Conceptual frameworks and future directions for research, practice and policy. Health Education Research, 13, 87-108.
37.
Steckler, A. B., Goodman, R. M., McLeroy, K. R., Davis, S., & Koch, G. (1992). Measuring the diffusion of innovative health promotion programs. American Journal of Health Promotion, 6, 214-224.
38.
Steensma, H. (1977). Trends in organizational change. Utrecht, the Netherlands: Lemma BV.
39.
STIVORO. (1999). How is the project “Smoking? Not in the Presence of the Little One” working out? Unpublished manuscript, STIVORO.
40.
World Health Organization, Division of Noncommunicable Diseases. (1999). Tobacco free initiative: International consultation on environmental tobacco smoke and child health. WHO report on tobacco smoke and child health 1999. Retrieved March 30, 2005, from www.ash.org/whoetsrpt.html
