High Prevalence of Cervical Spine Pain and Injuries Among Breaking Dancers: A Cross‑Sectional Study with Comparison to Rugby and Proposal for a Primary Prevention Protocol

Abstract

Introduction: Breaking is a high-risk discipline for the cervical spine, with movements such as the halo and headspin exposing dancers to significant stresses. Epidemiological studies highlight a high incidence of neck pain and injuries among breakers, while primary prevention remains limited due to a lack of data. Methods: This study aimed to evaluate preventive practices and propose an adapted prevention protocol based on existing rugby protocols. A questionnaire was remotely administered to French amateur and professional breakers, practicing movements with head support or not, and having experienced or not experienced neck pain or injuries. A total of 120 breakers responded to the questionnaire, and their data were analyzed across three axes: needs assessment, evaluation of interest in a prevention program, and identification of feasible exercises. Results: Among participants, 77.5% had previously experienced neck pain, and 51.7% had suffered cervical spine injuries. Specific neck warm-up was insufficient in most participants, and only 31.7% engaged in regular strengthening exercises of the neck. A strong interest in a prevention program was observed, and adapting rugby prevention exercises was deemed promising. Conclusion: Based on these results, a prevention protocol including specific warm-up and tailored muscle strengthening was proposed, with particular emphasis on head-supported isometric exercises. This protocol could serve as a basis for targeted prevention interventions aimed at reducing cervical injuries among breakers. Further studies are needed to evaluate the effectiveness of this prevention protocol.

Level of Evidence: Level IV (Moderate)