This article reviews noteworthy additions to the literature for the management of critically ill cardiothoracic surgical patients published in 2024. We reviewed 8100 articles to identify 10 publications that provided new or updated information across a diverse range of topics including extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO), sepsis and shock, and acute hypoxemic respiratory failure (AHRF). Additional topics within these publications included prophylaxis guidelines and evidence for prevention of common complications in the intensive care unit, such as bleeding, thrombosis, and acute kidney injury (AKI).
AnnaneDPastoresSMRochwergB, et al.Guidelines for the diagnosis and management of critical illness-related corticosteroid insufficiency (CIRCI) in critically ill patients (Part I): society of Critical Care Medicine (SCCM) and European Society of Intensive Care Medicine (ESICM) 2017. Intensive Care Med. 2017;43(12):1751-1763.
2.
ChaudhuriDNeiAMRochwergB, et al.Focused update: guidelines on use of corticosteroids in sepsis, acute respiratory distress syndrome, and community-acquired pneumonia. Crit Care Med. 2024;52(5):e219-e233.
3.
GuyattGHOxmanADKunzR, et al.GRADE guidelines: 2. Framing the question and deciding on important outcomes. J Clin Epidemiol. 2011;64(4):395-400.
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GuyattGHOxmanADVistGE, et al.GRADE: an emerging consensus on rating quality of evidence and strength of recommendations. BMJ. 2008;336(7650):924-926.
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BuisingKLThurskyKABlackJF, et al.Identifying severe community-acquired pneumonia in the emergency department: a simple clinical prediction tool. Emerg Med Australas. 2007;19(5):418-426.
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FineMJAubleTEYealyDM, et al.A prediction rule to identify low-risk patients with community-acquired pneumonia. N Engl J Med. 1997;336(4):243-250.
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LimWSvan der EerdenMMLaingR, et al.Defining community acquired pneumonia severity on presentation to hospital: an international derivation and validation study. Thorax. 2003;58(5):377-382.
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BaillardCFosseJPSebbaneM, et al.Noninvasive ventilation improves preoxygenation before intubation of hypoxic patients. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2006;174(2):171-177.
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GibbsKWSemlerMWDriverBE, et al.Noninvasive ventilation for preoxygenation during emergency intubation. N Engl J Med. 2024;390(23):2165-2177.
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KragMMarkerSPernerA, et al.Pantoprazole in patients at risk for gastrointestinal bleeding in the ICU. N Engl J Med. 2018;379(23):2199-2208.
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AustralianPIf.t.YoungPJBagshawSM, et al.Effect of stress ulcer prophylaxis with proton pump inhibitors vs histamine-2 receptor blockers on in-hospital mortality among ICU patients receiving invasive mechanical ventilation: the PEPTIC randomized clinical trial. JAMA. 2020;323(7):616-626.
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CookDDeaneALauzierF, et al.Stress ulcer prophylaxis during invasive mechanical ventilation. N Engl J Med. 2024;391(1):9-20.
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CookDJSwintonMKrewulakKD, et al.What counts as patient-important upper gastrointestinal bleeding in the ICU? A mixed-methods study protocol of patient and family perspectives. BMJ Open. 2023;13(5):e070966.
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MacLarenRDionneJCGranholmA, et al.Society of critical care medicine and American society of health-system pharmacists guideline for the prevention of stress-related gastrointestinal bleeding in critically ill adults. Crit Care Med. 2024;52(8):e421-e430.
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EvansLRhodesAAlhazzaniW, et al.Surviving sepsis campaign: international guidelines for management of sepsis and septic shock 2021. Crit Care Med. 2021;49(11):e1063-e1143.
16.
DulhuntyJMBrettSJDe WaeleJJ, et al.Continuous vs intermittent β-Lactam antibiotic infusions in critically ill patients with sepsis: the bling III randomized clinical trial. JAMA. 2024;332(8):629-637.
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DulhuntyJMRobertsJADavisJS, et al.Continuous infusion of beta-lactam antibiotics in severe sepsis: a multicenter double-blind, randomized controlled trial. Clin Infect Dis. 2012;56(2):236-244.
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LandryDWOliverJA. The pathogenesis of vasodilatory shock. N Engl J Med. 2001;345(8):588-595.
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MayerBBrunnerFSchmidtK. Inhibition of nitric oxide synthesis by methylene blue. Biochem Pharmacol. 1993;45(2):367-374.
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PrunaABonaccorsoABellettiA, et al.Methylene blue reduces mortality in critically ill and perioperative patients: a meta-analysis of randomized trials. J Cardiothorac Vasc Anesth. 2024;38(1):268-274.
21.
MartinoEAWintertonDNardelliP, et al.The blue coma: the role of methylene blue in unexplained coma after cardiac surgery. J Cardiothorac Vasc Anesth. 2016;30(2):423-427.
22.
KoyaniCNPlastiraISourijH, et al.Empagliflozin protects heart from inflammation and energy depletion via AMPK activation. Pharmacol Res. 2020;158:104870.
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CoxZLCollinsSPHernandezGA, et al.Efficacy and safety of dapagliflozin in patients with acute heart failure. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2024;83(14):1295-1306.
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JamesSErlingeDStoreyRF, et al.Dapagliflozin in myocardial infarction without diabetes or heart failure. NEJM Evid. 2024;3(2):EVIDoa2300286.
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KosiborodMNEsterlineRFurtadoRHM, et al.Dapagliflozin in patients with cardiometabolic risk factors hospitalised with COVID-19 (DARE-19): a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, phase 3 trial. Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol. 2021;9(9):586-594.
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TavaresCAMAzevedoLCPRea-NetoÁ, et al.Dapagliflozin for critically ill patients with acute organ dysfunction: the defender randomized clinical trial. JAMA. 2024;332(5):401-411.
27.
PocockSJAritiCACollierTJWangD. The win ratio: a new approach to the analysis of composite endpoints in clinical trials based on clinical priorities. Eur Heart J. 2012;33(2):176-182.
28.
MartucciGGianiMSchmidtM, et al.Anticoagulation and bleeding during veno-venous extracorporeal membrane oxygenation: insights from the PROTECMO study. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2024;209(4):417-426.
29.
SuvereinMMDelnoijTSRLorussoR, et al.Early extracorporeal CPR for refractory out-of-hospital cardiac arrest. N Engl J Med. 2023;388(4):299-309.
30.
YannopoulosDBartosJRaveendranG, et al.Advanced reperfusion strategies for patients with out-of-hospital cardiac arrest and refractory ventricular fibrillation (ARREST): a phase 2, single centre, open-label, randomised controlled trial. Lancet. 2020;396(10265):1807-1816.
31.
BelohlavekJSmalcovaJRobD, et al.Effect of intra-arrest transport, extracorporeal cardiopulmonary resuscitation, and immediate invasive assessment and treatment on functional neurologic outcome in refractory out-of-hospital cardiac arrest: a randomized clinical trial. JAMA. 2022;327(8):737-747.
32.
LowCJWLingRRRamanathanK, et al.Extracorporeal cardiopulmonary resuscitation versus conventional CPR in cardiac arrest: an updated meta-analysis and trial sequential analysis. Crit Care. 2024;28(1):57.
33.
OkadaYKomukaiSIrisawaT, et al.In-hospital extracorporeal cardiopulmonary resuscitation for patients with out-of-hospital cardiac arrest: an analysis by time-dependent propensity score matching using a nationwide database in Japan. Crit Care. 2023;27(1):442.
34.
RichardsonASSchmidtMBaileyMPellegrinoVARycusPTPilcherDV. ECMO Cardio-Pulmonary Resuscitation (ECPR), trends in survival from an international multicentre cohort study over 12-years. Resuscitation. 2017;112:34-40.
35.
AbramsDMacLarenGLorussoR, et al.Extracorporeal cardiopulmonary resuscitation in adults: evidence and implications. Intensive Care Med. 2022;48(1):1-15.
36.
XieAForrestPLoforteA. Left ventricular decompression in veno-arterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation. Ann Cardiothorac Surg. 2019;8(1):9-18.
37.
GaisendreesCDjordjevicISabashnikovA, et al.Impact of left ventricular unloading using a peripheral Impella®-pump in eCPR patients. Artif Organs. 2022;46(3):451-459.
38.
ThevathasanTFürederLFechtnerM, et al.Left-ventricular unloading with impella during refractory cardiac arrest treated with extracorporeal cardiopulmonary resuscitation: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Crit Care Med. 2024;52(3):464-474.
39.
RichardsonASCTonnaJENanjayyaV, et al.Extracorporeal cardiopulmonary resuscitation in adults. interim guideline consensus statement from the extracorporeal life support organization. Asaio j. 2021;67(3):221-228.
40.
JavaudinFLascarrouJBLe BastardQ, et al.Thrombolysis during resuscitation for out-of-hospital cardiac arrest caused by pulmonary embolism increases 30-day survival: findings from the French national cardiac arrest registry. Chest. 2019;156(6):1167-1175.
41.
PickkersPAngusDCBassK, et al.Phase-3 trial of recombinant human alkaline phosphatase for patients with sepsis-associated acute kidney injury (REVIVAL). Intensive Care Med. 2024;50(1):68-78.
42.
PickkersPMehtaRLMurrayPT, et al.Effect of human recombinant alkaline phosphatase on 7-day creatinine clearance in patients with sepsis-associated acute kidney injury: a randomized clinical trial. JAMA. 2018;320(19):1998-2009.
