Prior research has established a link between ideology and lethality, both within the homicide and terrorism literatures. We examine this relationship as it pertains to the Global Jihadist Movement (GJM). Using a series of logit and negative binomial models with a sample from the Global Terrorism Database, we find that the GJM is indeed more deadly. However, this relationship does not seem to differentially affect Americans, despite their role as the GJM’s defined “other.”
AckermanG. A.PinsonL. E. (2016). Speaking truth to sources: Introducing a method for the quantitative evaluation of open sources in event data. Studies in Conflict & Terrorism, 39, 617-640.
2.
AgbiboaD. E. (2013). Why Boko Haram exists: The relative deprivation perspective. African Conflict & Peacebuilding Review, 3, 144-157.
3.
AlakocB. P. (2017). Competing to kill: Terrorist organizations versus lone wolf terrorists. Terrorism and Political Violence, 29, 509-532.
4.
AsalV.GillP.RethemeyerR. K.HorganJ. (2013). Killing range explaining lethality variance within a terrorist organization. Journal of Conflict Resolution, 59, 401-427.
5.
AsalV.RethemeyerR. K. (2008). The nature of the beast: Organizational structures and the lethality of terrorist attacks. The Journal of Politics, 70, 437-449.
6.
BarrosC. P.ProençaI. (2005). Mixed logit estimation of radical Islamic terrorism in Europe and North America: A comparative study. Journal of Conflict Resolution, 49, 298-314.
7.
BehlendorfB.BelurJ.KumarS. (2016). Peering through the Kaleidoscope: Variation and Validity in Data Collection on Terrorist Attacks. Studies in Conflict & Terrorism, 39(7-8), 641-667.
8.
BenmelechE.BerrebiC.KlorE. (2010, October). Counter-suicide-terrorism: Evidence from house demolitions. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research.
9.
BergenP. (2001). Holy War, Inc.: Inside the secret world of Osama Bin Laden. New York, NY: Free Press.
CarsonJ. V. (2017). The role of targeting killings in the “War on Terror.”Criminology & Public Policy, 16(1) 191-220.
18.
CarsonJ. V.LaFreeG.DuganL. (2012). Terrorist and non-terrorist criminal attacks by radical environmental and animal rights groups in the United States, 1970–2007. Terrorism and Political Violence, 24, 295-319.
ClarkeR. V. G.NewmanG. R. (2006). Outsmarting the terrorists.Portsmouth, NH: Greenwood Publishing Group.
21.
CondraL. N.ShapiroJ. N. (2012). Who takes the blame? The strategic effects of collateral damage. American Journal of Political Science, 56, 167-187.
22.
CornishD.ClarkeR. (1986). Situational prevention, displacement of crime and rational choice theory. Situational Crime Prevention: From Theory into Practice, 1-16.
23.
DrakeC. J. M. (1998). The role of ideology in terrorists’ target selection. Terrorism and Political Violence, 10(2), 53-85.
24.
DuganL.ChenowethE. (2012). Moving beyond deterrence: The effectiveness of raising the expected utility of abstaining from terrorism in Israel. American Sociological Review, 77, 597-624.
25.
DuganL.LaFreeG.PiqueroA. R. (2005). Testing a rational choice model of airline hijackings. Criminology, 43(4), 1031-1065.
26.
EndersW.SandlerT. (2000). Is transnational terrorism becoming more threatening? A time-series investigation. The Journal of Conflict Resolution, 44, 307-332.
27.
FieldingD.ShortlandA. (2010). “An eye for an eye, a tooth for a tooth”: Political violence and counterinsurgency in Egypt. Journal of Peace Research, 47, 433-447.
FreilichJ. D.LaFreeG. (2016). Measurement issues in the study of terrorism: Introducing the special issue. Studies in Conflict & Terrorism, 39, 569-579.
30.
GruenewaldJ. (2011). A comparative examination of homicides perpetrated by far-right extremists. Homicide Studies, 15, 177-203.
31.
GruenewaldJ.PridemoreW. A. (2012). A comparison of ideologically-motivated homicides from the new extremist crime database and homicides from the supplementary homicide reports using multiple imputation by chained equations to handle missing values. Journal of Quantitative Criminology, 28, 141-162.
32.
HaddadS. (2004). A comparative study of Lebanese and Palestinian perceptions of suicide bombings: The role of militant Islam and socio-economic status. International Journal of Comparative Sociology, 45, 337-363.
33.
HafezM. M.HatfieldJ. M. (2006). Do targeted assassinations work? A multivariate analysis of Israel’s controversial tactic during Al-Aqsa Uprising 1. Studies in Conflict & Terrorism, 29, 359-382.
HegghammerT. (2006). Global jihadism after the Iraq War. Middle East Journal, 60, 11-32.
36.
HepworthD. P. (2014). Terrorist retaliation? An analysis of terrorist attacks following the targeted killing of top-tier al Qaeda leadership. The Journal of Policing, Intelligence and Counter Terrorism, 9, 1-18.
LaFreeG.DuganL. (2007). Introducing the Global Terrorism Database. Terrorism and Political Violence, 19, 181-204.
39.
LaFreeG.DuganL. (2016). Global terrorism and the deadliest groups since 2001. In BackerD.RavinderB.HuthP. (Eds.), War and peace 2016 (pp. 67-78). New York, NY: Routledge.
40.
LaFreeG.DuganL.KorteR. (2009). The impact of British counterterrorist strategies on political violence in Northern Ireland: Comparing deterrence and backlash models. Criminology, 47, 17-45.
41.
LaFreeG.YangS. M.CrenshawM. (2009). Trajectories of terrorism. Criminology & Public Policy, 8(3), 445-473.
42.
LaqueurW. (1998). The new face of terrorism. The Washington Quarterly, 21(4), 167-178.
43.
LewisB. (1996). Islam and liberal democracy: A historical overview. Journal of Democracy, 7(2), 52-63.
44.
LinkeA. M.’WitmerF. D. O.LoughlinJ. (2012). Space-time granger analysis of the War in Iraq: A study of coalition and insurgent action-reaction. International Interactions, 38, 402-425.
LyallJ. (2009). Does indiscriminate violence incite insurgent attacks? Evidence from Chechnya. Journal of Conflict Resolution, 53, 331-362.
47.
McCauleyC.MoskalenkoS. (2014). Toward a profile of lone wolf terrorists: What moves an individual from radical opinion to radical action. Terrorism and Political Violence, 26, 65-91.
MoghadamA. (2008). The Salafi-Jihad as a religious ideology. Combating Terrorism Center Sentinel, 1(3), 14-16.
50.
MousseauM. (2011). Urban poverty and support for Islamist terror: Survey results of Muslims in fourteen countries. Journal of Peace Research, 48, 35-47.
51.
National Commission on Terrorist Attacks. (2004). The 9/11 commission report: Final report of the National Commission on Terrorist Attacks Upon the United States. New York, NY: W.W. Norton.
ParkinW. S.FreilichJ. D. (2015). Routine activities and right-wing extremists: An empirical comparison of the victims of ideologically- and non-ideologically-motivated homicides committed by American far-rightists. Terrorism and Political Violence, 27, 182-203.
57.
ParkinW. S.FreilichJ. D.ChermakS. M. (2015). Ideological victimization homicides perpetrated by far-right extremists. Homicide Studies, 19, 211-236.
58.
ParkinW. S.GreenD. A. (2016). Terrorism in the news: The efficiency and impact of sampling methods on data collection and content analysis. Studies in Conflict & Terrorism, 39, 668-686.
59.
PerryS.HasisiB. (2015). Rational choice rewards and the jihadist suicide bomber. Terrorism and Political Violence, 27(1), 53-80.
60.
PiazzaJ. A. (2009). Is Islamist terrorism more dangerous? An empirical study of group ideology, organization, and goal structure. Terrorism and Political Violence, 21, 62-88.
61.
RabasaA.ChalkP.CraginK.DalyS. A.GreggH. S.KarasikT. W.. . . RosenauW. (2006). Beyond al-Qaeda: Part 1. The Global Jihadist Movement. Santa Monica, CA: RAND.
62.
SchmidA. P. (2011). Introduction. In SchmidA. P. (Ed.), The Routledge handbook of terrorism research (pp. 1-38). New York, NY: Routledge.
63.
SpaaijR.HammM. S. (2015). Key issues and research agendas in lone wolf terrorism. Studies in Conflict & Terrorism, 38(3), 167-178.
StenersenA. (2010, February5). The Taliban insurgency in Afghanistan—Organization, leadership and worldview. Kjeller: Norwegian Defence Research Establishment.
TorresM. R.JordánJ.HorsburghN. (2006). Analysis and evolution of the Global Jihadist Movement propaganda. Terrorism and Political Violence, 18, 399-421.
68.
VuongQ. H. (1989). Likelihood ratio tests for model selection and non-nested hypotheses. Econometrica: Journal of the Econometric Society, 57, 307-333.
WilnerA. S. (2010). Targeted killings in Afghanistan: Measuring coercion and deterrence in counterterrorism and counterinsurgency. Studies in Conflict & Terrorism, 33, 307-329.
71.
YoungJ. K.FindleyM. G. (2011). Promise and pitfalls of terrorism research. International Studies Review, 13, 411-431.
ZussmanA.ZussmanN. (2006). Assassinations: Evaluating the effectiveness of an Israeli counterterrorism policy using stock market data. The Journal of Economic Perspectives, 20, 193-206.