Functional assessments (FAs) are becoming more commonplace in early childhood special education. In this article we describe the FA procedures used in Project DATA, a school-based program to serve young children with autism and their families. These procedures consist of five interrelated steps: (a) gathering information, (b) brainstorming, (c) making a plan, (d) implementing the plan, and (e) evaluating the outcomes.
Get full access to this article
View all access options for this article.
References
1.
Bagnato, S.J., Neisworth, J.T., Salvia, J.J., & Hunt, F. (1999). Temperament and atypical behavior scale (TABS): Early childhood indicators of developmental dysfunction. Baltimore: Brookes
Boulware, G.L., Schwartz, I.S., & McBride, B.J. (1999). Addressing challenging behaviors at home: In S. Sandall & M. Ostrosky (Eds.), Practical ideas for addressing challenging behaviors (pp. 29-40). Denver, CO: Sopris West.
4.
Bricker, D. (Ed.). (1993). Assessment, evaluation, and programming system for infants and children: Vol 3. AEPS measurement for birth to three years. Baltimore: Brookes.
5.
Bricker, D., & Pretti-Frontczak, K. (Eds.). (1996). Assessment, evaluation, and programming system for infants and children: Vol 3. AEPS measurement for three to six years. Baltimore: Brookes.
6.
Bricker, D., Pretti-Frontczak, K., & McComas, N. (1998). An activity-based approach to early intervention . Baltimore: Brookes.
7.
Brown, L., Branston, M.B., Hamre-Nietupski, S., Pumpian, I., Certo, N., & Gruenewald, L. (1979). A strategy for developing chronological age appropriate and functional curricular content for severely handicapped adolescents and young adults. The Journal of Special Education, 13, 81-90.
8.
Conroy, M.A., & Davis, C.A. (2000). Early elementary-aged children with challenging behaviors: Legal and educational issues related to IDEA and assessment. Preventing School Failure, 44, 163-168.
9.
Dawson, G., & Osterling, J. (1997). Early intervention in autism. In M. J. Guralnick (Ed.), The effectiveness of early intervention (pp. 307-326). Baltimore: Brookes.
10.
Dunlap, G., Koegel, R.L., & Koegel, L.K. (1984). Continuity of treatment: Toilet training in multiple community settings. Journal of the Association for Persons with Severe Handicaps, 9(2), 134-141.
11.
Dunn, L.M., & Dunn, L.M. (1981). Pea-body picture vocabulary test-Revised. Circle Pines, MN: American Guidance Service .
12.
Dunn, W. (1994). Performance of typical children on the Sensory Profile: An item analysis. American Journal of Occupational Therapy, 48, 967-974.
13.
IDEA Amendments of 1997, 20 U.S.C. § 1401 (26).
14.
Lewis, T.J., & Sugai, G. (1999). Effective behavior support: A systems approach to proactive school-wide management. Focus onExceptional Children, 31, 1-24.
15.
McLean, M. (1996). Assessment and its importance in early intervention/early child
16.
hood special education. In M. McLean, D. Bailey, & M. Wolery (Eds.), Assessing infants and preschoolers with special needs (pp. 1-22). Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Merrill.
17.
O'Neill, R., Horner, R., Albin, R., Sprague, J., Storey, K., & Newton, S. (1997). Functional assessment and program development of problem behavior: A practical handbook. Pacific Grove, CA: Brooks/Cole.
18.
Parrington, J.W., & Sundberg, M.L. (1998). The assessment of basic language and learning skills. Pleasant Hill, CA: Behavior Analysts.
19.
Schwartz, I.S., McBride, B.J., Boulware, G.L., & Sandall, S.R. (2000). School-based programs for young children with autism: Blending approaches to meet individual needs. Paper presented at the International Council for Exceptional Children Conference , Vancouver, BC, Canada.
20.
Wolery, M. (1989). Using assessment information to plan instructional programs. In D. Bailey & M. Wolery (Eds.), Assessing infants and preschoolers with handicaps (pp. 478-495). Columbus, OH: Merrill.
21.
Wolery, M., Bailey, D., & Sugai, G. (1988). Effective teaching: Principles and procedures of applied behavior analysis with exceptional children. Boston: Allyn & Bacon.