Changes in ADHD Symptoms and Mood Across the Menstrual Cycle in Females Treated With Stimulants: A Pilot Study

Abstract

Objective:

Females represent a growing proportion of adults with ADHD yet remain understudied in the literature compared to males. An important aspect of the experience of females with ADHD is the impact of the menstrual cycle and ovarian hormones on both the symptoms of ADHD and effects of stimulant medications on treating these symptoms.

Method:

In the present pilot study, female participants being treated with amphetamine salts for ADHD (n = 30) were recruited to complete 35 daily online surveys to track ADHD symptoms, mood, and medication use through the menstrual cycle.

Results:

Results indicated that the degree of ADHD symptoms was significantly associated with menstrual cycle phase with ADHD symptoms being most severe in the menstruation phase and comparatively milder ADHD symptoms in the mid-follicular phase. This difference was positively correlated with subjective changes in negative mood.

Conclusion:

These results indicate that ADHD symptoms vary across the menstrual cycle among females being treated with amphetamine salts for their ADHD, a finding that could inform clinical and prescribing practices for physicians caring for females with ADHD.

Keywords

ADHD sex differences menstrual cycle stimulants ADD/ADHD

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