An early description, possibly the earliest, of attention deficit disorder in a 1753 Dutch medical book by Cornelius Kloekhof is presented.
Method:
The author of this text is briefly introduced and contextualized. The text is translated from Latin and afterwards, its impact on later scientific literature is discussed.
Results and Conclusions:
Kloekhofs description of attention deficit was one of the first and thoroughly inspired the subsequent literature, such as Adam Weikard, making this text an important moment in the rich history of ADHD.
AllbuttT. C. (1892). Insanity in children. In TukeH. (Ed.), A dictionary of psychological medicine (vol. 1, pp. 201-205). J.A. Churchill.
2.
American Psychiatric Association. (1968). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (2nd ed.).
3.
American Psychiatric Association. (1980). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (3rd ed.).
4.
American Psychiatric Association. (1987). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (3rd ed., rev.).
5.
American Psychiatric Association. (1994). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (4th ed.).
6.
American Psychiatric Association. (2013). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (5th ed.).
7.
AnastopoulosA. D.BarkleyR. A.SheltonT. L. (1994). The history and diagnosis of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. Therapeutic Care & Education, 3(2), 96–110.
8.
BaderM.HadjikhaniN. (2014). The concept of instability: A French perspective on the concept of ADHD. Attention Deficit and Hyperactivity Disorders, 6(1), 11–17. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12402-013-0121-y
9.
BarkleyR. A.PetersH. (2012). The earliest reference to ADHD in the medical literature? Melchior Adam Weikard’s description in 1775 of “attention deficit” (Mangel der Aufmerksamkeit, Attentio Volubilis). Journal of Attention Disorders, 16(8), 623–630. https://doi.org/10.1177/1087054711432309
10.
BauermeisterJ. J.BarkleyR. A. (2010). A new milestone in ADHD history: Dr. Gonzalo Rodríguez-Lafora (1917) and the “unstables”. The ADHD Report, 18(1), 12–13. https://doi.org/10.1521/adhd.2010.18.1.12
11.
BournevilleE. (1897). Traitement médico-pédagogique des différentes formes de l’idiotie. Alcan.
12.
BradleyC. (1937). The behavior of children receiving benzedrine. The American Journal of Psychiatry, 94, 577–585. https://doi.org/10.1176/ajp.94.3.577
CloustonT. S. (1899). Stages of over-excitability, hypersensitiveness and mental explosiveness in children and their treatment by the bromides. Scottish Medical Surgical Journal, 4, 481–490.
16.
ConnersC. K. (2000). Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder: Historical development and overview. Journal of Attention Disorders, 3(4), 173–191. https://doi.org/10.1177/108705470000300401
DouglasV. I. (1972). Stop, look and listen: The problem of sustained attention and impulse control in hyperactive and normal children. Canadian Journal of Behavioural Science, 4(4), 259–282. https://doi.org/10.1037/h0082313
21.
EbaughF. G. (1923). Neuropsychiatric sequelae of acute epidemic encephalitis in children. American Journal of Diseases of Children, 25, 89–97. https://doi.org/10.1177/1087054707305340
22.
FaraoneS. V.BanaschewskiT.CoghillD.ZhengY.BiedermanJ.BellgroveM. A.NewcornJ. H.GignacM.Al SaudN. M.ManorI.RohdeL. A.YangL.CorteseS.AlmagorD.SteinM. A.AlbattiT. H.AljoudiH. F.AlqahtaniM. M. J.AshersonP.AtwoliL.. . . WangY. (2021). The world federation of ADHD international consensus statement: 208 Evidence-based conclusions about the disorder. Neuroscience and Biobehavioral Reviews, 128, 789–818. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neubiorev.2021.01.022
23.
FoleyP. B. (2014). Sons and daughters beyond your control: Episodes in the prehistory of the attention deficit/hyperactivity syndrome. Attention Deficit and Hyperactivity Disorders, 6(3), 125–151. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12402-014-0137-y
24.
GaubiusH. D. (1747). Sermo academicus de regimine mentis quod medicorum est. Boudewijn Janssoon van der Aa.
25.
HaneveldG. T. (1986). De medicus C. A. Kloeckhoff (1714-1788) en zijn inzichten over de psychiatrie. Ned Tijdschr Geneeskd, 130, 1167–1168.
26.
HaslamJ. (1809). Observations on madness and melancholy including practical remarks on these diseases together with cases. J Callow.
27.
HatfieldG. (1998). Attention in early scientific psychology. In WrightR. D. (Ed.), Visual attention (pp. 3–25). Oxford University Press.
28.
HerrerosÓ. (2011). El TDAH En El “Compendio De Psiquiatría Infantil” De Augusto Vidal Perera. In Vidal PereraA. (Ed.), Compendio de psiquiatría infantil (pp. 37–40). Selene.
29.
HoffbauerJ. C. (1798). Naturlehre der Seele in Briefen. Renger.
30.
HoffmannH. (1846). Der Struwwelpeter: oder lustige Geschichten und drollige Bilder für Kinder von 3–6 Jahren. Zweite Ausgabe. Literar. Anstalt J. Rütten.
31.
KahnE.CohenL. H. (1934). Organic drivenness a brain-stem syndrome and an experience. The New England Journal of Medicine, 210, 748–756. https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJM193404052101405
32.
KesslerJ. W. (1980). History of minimal brain dysfunctions. In RieH. E.RieE. D. (Eds.), Handbook of minimal brain dysfunctions: A critical view (pp. 18–51). Wiley.
33.
KloekhofC. A. (1753). De morbis animi ab infirmato tenore medullæ cerebri dissertatio. Nicolaus Vucht, Gysb. Tieme Paddenburg & Abraham Paddenburg.
34.
KnoblochH.PasamanickB. (1959). Syndrome of minimal cerebral damage in infancy. Journal of the American Medical Association, 170(12), 1384–1387. https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.1959.03010120020006
35.
KnoblochH.RiderR.HarperP.PasamanickB. (1956). Neuropsychiatric sequelae of prematurity; A longitudinal study. Journal of the American Medical Association, 161(7), 581–585. https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.1956.02970070013004
36.
KonofalE. (2017). Histoire illustrée de l’hyperactivité. Le TDAH et ses traitements au fil du temps. Impulsion Naturelle
37.
KotowiczZ. (2011). Children, insanity and child psychiatry c. 1800-1935. Kairos Revista de Filosofia Ciencia, 3, 7–37.
38.
KramerF.PollnowH. (1932). Über eine hyperkinetische Erkrankung im Kindesalter. Monatsschrift für Psychiatrie und Neurologie, 82, 1–40. https://doi.org/10.1159/000164073
39.
LaforaG. R. (1917). Los Niños Mentalmente Anormales (1a. Ed.). Ed. De La Lectura.
Le CamusA. (1753). Médecine de l’esprit. Tome premier. Ganeau.
42.
LilienfeldA. M.PasamanickB.RogersM. (1955). Relationship between pregnancy experience and the development of certain neuropsychiatric disorders in childhood. American Journal of Public Health and the Nation’s Health, 45(5 Pt 1), 637–643. https://doi.org/10.2105/ajph.45.5_pt_1.637
43.
LockeJ. (1693). Some thought concerning education. Black Swan.
44.
LockeJ. (1706). Of the conduct of the understanding. In LockeJ. (Ed.), Posthumous works (pp. 1–137). Black Swan.
45.
MorrisH. H.JrEscollP. J.WexlerR. (1956). Aggressive behavior disorders of childhood: A follow-up study. The American Journal of Psychiatry, 112(12), 991–997. https://doi.org/10.1176/ajp.112.12.991
46.
NeumannH. (1859). Lehrbuch der Psychiatrie. Enke Verlag.
47.
NeumärkerK. J. (2005). The Kramer-Pollnow syndrome: A contribution on the life and work of Franz Kramer and Hans Pollnow. History of Psychiatry, 16(Pt 4 (64)), 435–451. https://doi.org/10.1177/0957154X05054708
48.
NiggJ. T. (2012). Future directions in ADHD etiology research. Journal of Clinical Child and Adolescent Psychology, 41(4), 524–533. https://doi.org/10.1080/15374416.2012.686870
49.
PalmerE. D.FingerS. (2001). An early description of ADHD (Inattentive subtype): Dr. Alexander Crichton and “mental restlessness” (1798). Child Psychology & Psychiatry Review, 6(2), 66–73. https://doi.org/10.1017/S1360641701002507
50.
PanizzonL. (1944). La preparazione di piridil- e piperidil-arilacetonitrili e di alcuni prodotti di trasformazione (Parte Ia). HCA, 27, 1748-1756. https://doi.org/10.1002/hlca.194402701222
51.
QuesnayF. (1747). Essai phisique sur l’oeconomie animale, Tome 3. Guillaume Cavelier.
52.
RatherL. J. (1965). Mind and body in eighteenth century medicine: A study based on Jerome Gaub’s De Regimine Mentis. University of California Press.
53.
ReilJ. C. (1803). Rhapsodieen über die Anwendung der psychischen Curmethode auf Geisteszerrüttungen. Curtsche Buchhandlung.
54.
RushB. (1812). Medical inquiries and observations upon the diseases of the mind. Kimber and Richardson.
55.
SharkeyL.FitzgeraldM. (2007). The history of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. In FitzgeraldM.BellgroveM.GillM. (Eds.), Handbook of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (pp. 3–11). John Wiley and Sons Ltd.
56.
SteigerwaldJ. (2016). Antoine Le Camus: Médecine de l’esprit (1753). In BehrensR.SteigerwaldJ. (Eds.), Aufklärung und Imagination in Frankreich (1675-1810): Anthologie und Analyse (pp. 252–283). De Gruyter. https://doi.org/10.1515/9783110449860-013
ThomeJ.JacobsK. A. (2004). Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in a 19th century children’s book. European Psychiatry, 19(5), 303–306. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eurpsy.2004.05.004
60.
TredgoldA. F. (1908). Mental deficiency (amentia) (1st ed.). William Wood.
61.
Vidal PereraA. (1908). Compendio de psiquiatría infantil (2nd ed.). Librería del Magisterio.
62.
WeikardM. A. (1777). Der Philosophische Arzt. Viertes und Letztes Stück. Trattner.
63.
WestC. (1848). Lectures on the diseases of infancy and childhood. Longman, Green, Langman and Roberts.