The history of Japan is briefly described in order to understand its present problems in both industrial and environmental fields. Japan's rapid recovery from defeat in World War II, quick development of industries, and the result ing environmental crisis are explained by Japanese views of the relationship of society and nature. Even in the modern age, the basic social relations seem to stem from its feudal system. This system created crises in agriculture and mines in the middle ages. More recently it has caused industrial and envi ronmental crises in Minamata Bay and Yokkaichi complex.
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