Alfred Russel Wallace was one of the most renowned naturalists and scientific explorers of the 19th century. After 4 years exploring the Amazon basin, he spent 8 years traveling in the Malay Archipelago, during which time he discovered the principle of natural selection independently of Darwin. Wallace was a complex and contradictory figure who was an evolutionist and socialist as well as a strong defender of spiritualism. He is widely considered the key founder of biogeography—the field that studies the spatial distribution of species. He had a deep commitment to the natural world. His 1878 essay “Epping Forest” was a forward-looking statement about the need for ecological restoration, which was sufficiently radical for its time to cost him the post as superintendent of Epping Forest, which he was seeking.
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