The Industrial Wood and Allied Workers of Canada (IWA) has cooperated with timber corporations in engaging in an anti-environmentalist campaign in British Columbia. In contrast, the Pulp Paper and Woodworkers of Canada (PPWC) has, on occasion, cooperated with environmental organizations. It is contended here that the IWA's history of purging radicals from its ranks, its longstanding policy of cooperating with management, and its relatively undemocratic political structure are the primary reasons for its anti-environmentalist policies. Conversely, the PPWC has never expelled radicals from leadership positions; it has always maintained an adversarial relationship with management; and its political structure is very democratic. Thus, the specific histories and political structures of the PPWC and the IWA are the primary reasons for their different environmental policies. Therefore, it is argued that there is nothing inherent in woodworkers or woodworkers' unions that would preclude them from cooperating with the environmental movement.
Bruntland, G. H. (1987). Our common future: The world commission on the environment and development. England: Oxford University Press.
3.
Burda, C., Curran, D., Gale, F., & M'Gonigle, M. (1997). Forests in trust: Reforming British Columbia's forest tenure system for ecosystem and community health (Report Series R97-2). University of Victoria, B.C.: Eco-Research Chair of Environmental Law and Policy, Faculty of Law and Environmental Studies Programme.
4.
Daly, H., & Cobb, J. (1994). For the common good: Redirecting the economy toward community, the environment, and a sustainable future. Boston, MA: Beacon Press Books.
5.
Dunk, T. (1994). Talking about trees: Environment and society in forest workers' culture. Canadian Review of Sociology and Anthropology, 31(1), 14-34.
6.
Durning, A. (1992). How much is enough? The consumer society and the future of the earth. New York: W.W. Norton and Company.
7.
Egan, T. (1994, October 11). Oregon, foiling foresters, thrives as it protects owls. New York Times, p. A1.
8.
Gore, A. (1993). Earth in the balance. New York: Plume Books.
9.
Hamilton, G. (1999, June 9). Sociologist's `new vision' would end forest industry. Vancouver Sun, p. D4.
10.
Hammond, H. (1992). Seeing the forest among the trees: The case for wholistic forest use. Vancouver, B.C.: Polestar Press Limited.
11.
Hay, C. (1994). Environmental security and state legitimacy. In M. O'Connor (Ed.), Is capitalism sustainable?: Political economy and the politics of ecology (pp. 217-228). New York: Guilford Press.
12.
Hayter, R., & Barnes, T. (1997). The restructuring of British Columbia's coastal forest sector: Flexibility perspectives. B.C. Studies, 113, 7-35.
13.
Industrial Wood and Allied Workers of Canada (IWA). (1995). IWA Canada Constitution (Revised October 1995). Vancouver, B.C.: Author.
14.
Industrial Wood and Allied Workers of Canada (IWA). (1996). Jobs, technology and land-use in the forest sector: An I.W.A. Canada background paper. Vancouver, B.C.: Author.
15.
Industrial Wood and Allied Workers of Canada (IWA). (1997). The forest is the future: IWA Canada forest policy. Vancouver, B.C.: Author.
16.
Industrial Wood and Allied Workers of Canada (IWA). (2002). Canada-U.S. softwood lumber dispute. Retrieved October 11, 2002, from http://www.iwa.ca/softwoodlumber.htm
17.
Jones, T. (1983). Wilderness or logging? Case studies of two conflicts in B.C. Vancouver, B.C.: Federation of Mountain Clubs of British Columbia.
18.
Lang, G. (2002). Forests, floods, and the environmental state of China. Organization and Environment, 15(2), 109-130.
19.
Leier, M. (1990). Where the Fraser River flows: The industrial workers of the world in British Columbia. Vancouver, B.C.: New Star Books.
20.
Lembke, J., & Tattam, W. (1984). One union in wood: A political history of the International Woodworkers of America. Maderia Park, B.C.: Harbour.
21.
Litwack, L. (1962). The American labor movement. New York: Simon and Schuster.
22.
Macneil, J., Winsemius, P., & Yakushiji, T. (1991). Beyond interdependence: The meshing of the world's economy and the ecology. New York: Oxford University Press.
23.
Marchak, M. P. (1983). Green gold: The forest industry in British Columbia. University of British Columbia Press: Vancouver, British Columbia.
24.
Marchak, M. P. (1995). Logging the globe. Montreal: McGill-Queens University Press.
25.
Marchak, M. P., Aycock, S. L., & Herbert, D. M. (1999). Falldown: Forest policy in British Columbia. Vancouver, B.C.: David Suzuki Foundation and Ecotrust Canada.
26.
M'Gonigle, M. (1997). Reinventing British Columbia: Towards a new political economy in the forest. In T. J. Barnes & R. Hayter (Eds.), Trouble in the rainforest: British Columbia's forest economy in transition Victoria, B.C.: Western Geographical Press.
27.
M'Gonigle, M., & Parfitt, B. (1994). Forestopia: A practical guide to the new forest economy. Madeira Park, B.C.: Harbour.
28.
Neufeld, A., & Parnaby, A. (2000). The IWA in Canada: the life and times of an industrial union. Vancouver, B.C.: IWA Canada/New Star Books.
29.
Obach, B. (1999). The Wisconsin labor-environmental network: a case study of coalition formation among organized labor and the environmental movement. Organization and Environment, 12(1), 45-74.
30.
O'Hara, B. (1997). The case for shorter work time. The Leaflet. 34(3), 1-3.
31.
Pulp, Paper, and Woodworkers of Canada (PPWC). (1993). Jobs, trees, and us: The PPWC forest policy. Vancouver, B.C.: Author.
32.
Pulp Paper and Woodworkers of Canada (PPWC). (1995). The PPWC constitution and policy statements: 1994-95. Vancouver, B.C.: Author.
33.
Pulp, Paper, and Woodworkers of Canada (PPWC). (n.d.). Pulp Paper and Woodworkers of Canada: An introduction. Vancouver, B.C.: Author.
34.
Schneider, A. (1989). Deforestation and development in Canada and the tropics. Cape Bretton: University College of Cape Bretton Press.
35.
Simon, A. (1998). Backlash! Corporate front groups and the struggle for sustainable forestry in British Columbia. Capitalism Nature Socialism, 9(4).
36.
Simon, A. (2000). Common ground and conflict in the struggle over the use of forests and labour in British Columbia: The case of Greenpeace and the Pulp, Paper, and Wood-workers of Canada. Unpublished doctoral dissertation, Department of Sociology/Anthropology, Simon Fraser University.
