Effectiveness of a Dysphagia Management Education Program for Caregivers of Stroke Patients Receiving Home Care: Randomized Controlled Study

Abstract

Background and purpose:

Stroke is one of the leading causes of long-term disability worldwide, and dysphagia is a frequent complication that negatively affects both patients and their caregivers. Caregivers often lack sufficient knowledge and skills in managing dysphagia, which may increase caregiving burden and adversely affect patients’ recovery. This randomized controlled experimental study was conducted to evaluate the effects of dysphagia management training provided to caregivers of stroke patients receiving home care.

Materials and methods:

The sample size was determined through power analysis. Eligible participants were randomly assigned to the intervention group (n = 42) and the control group (n = 42) using a simple randomization method. Questionnaires were administered to both groups at baseline, the first month, and the third month.

Results:

The study revealed significant differences between the intervention and control groups in all primary outcomes, including the Mini Nutritional Assessment–short form (effect size = 0.875), Zarit caregiver burden scale (effect size = 0.895), SF-36 quality of life questionnaire (effect size = 0.950), and dysphagia management information form (effect size = 0.921; all P < .001). Caregivers in the intervention group reported a significantly lower caregiving burden, higher quality of life, and greater knowledge of dysphagia management, while patients demonstrated better nutritional status compared to those in the control group.

Conclusion:

Routine assessment of caregivers’ knowledge of dysphagia management and providing training to those caring for stroke patients before discharge is recommended. Such interventions are anticipated to yield positive outcomes for both patients and caregivers and contribute to reducing healthcare expenditures.