This article reviews the role of nutrition in the healing of skin breakdown. The components of a nutritional assessment, which include social history, dietary intake, anthropometrics, and serum laboratory values, are discussed with abnormal values highlighted. The three phases of wound healing and a general overview of key nutrients needed at each stage for proper wound healing are stressed.
Administration on Aging. (2003). A profile of older Americans: 2003. Retrieved March 27, 2005, from http://www.aoa.gov/prof/Statistics/profile/2003/2003profile.pdf
2.
Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality. (2002). Prevention of pressure ulcers. Retrieved March 22, 2005, from National Guideline Clearinghouse Web site: http://www.guideline.gov
3.
Bergquist, S., & Frantz, R. (1999). Pressure ulcers in community-based older adults receiving home health care. Advances in Wound Care, 12, 339-351.
4.
Bergquist, S., & Frantz, R. (2001). Braden scale: Validity in community-based older adults receiving home health care. Applied Nursing Research, 14(1), 36-43.
5.
Bergstrom, N., Allman, R. M., Alvarez, O. M., Bennett, M. A., Carlson, C. E., Frantz, R. A., et al. (1994). Treatment of pressure ulcers. Clinical practice guideline, no. 15 (AHCPR Publication No. 95-0652). Rockville, MD: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service, Agency for Health Care Policy and Research.
6.
Breslow, R. (1991). Nutritional status and dietary intake of patients with pressure ulcers. Decubitus, 4, 16-21.
7.
Breslow, R., Hallfrisch, J., & Guy, D. G. (1993). The importance of dietary protein in healing pressure ulcers. Journal of American Geriatric Society, 41, 357-362.
8.
Broqvist, M., Arnqvist, H., Dahlström, U., Larsson, J., Nylander, E., & Permert, J. (1994). Nutritional assessment and muscle energy metabolism in severe chronic congestive heart failure—Effects of long-term dietary supplementation. European Heart Journal, 15, 1641-1650.
9.
Chen, C. C., Schilling, L. S., & Lyder, C. H. (2001). A concept analysis of malnutrition in the elderly. Journal of Advanced Nursing, 36(1), 131-142.
10.
Clark, S. (2002). The biochemistry of antioxidants revised. Nutrition Clinical Practice, 17(1), 5-17.
11.
Coats, K. G., Morgan, S. L., Bartolucci, A. A., & Weinser, R. L. (1993). Hospital-associated malnutrition: A reevaluation 12 years later. Journal of American Dietetic Association, 93, 27-33.
12.
DiMaria-Ghalili, R. A., & Amella, E. (2005). Nutrition in older adults: Intervention and assessment can help curb the growing threat of malnutrition. American Journal of Nursing, 105(3), 40-50.
13.
Don, B. R., & Kaysen, G. (2004). Serum albumin: Relationship to inflammation and nutrition. Seminars in Dialysis, 17(6), 432.
14.
European Pressure Ulcer Advisory Panel. (2003, October). EPUAP guidelines on the role of nutrition in pressure ulcer prevention and management. Retrieved March 24, 2005, from http://www.epuap.org/review5_2/page5.html
15.
Fleishman, A. (2005). Adult wound care management of pressure ulcers. Today’s Dietitian, 7(1), 38-45.
16.
Food and Nutrition Board. (1989). Recommended dietary allowances (10th ed.). Washington, DC: National Academy Press.
17.
Fuhrman, M. P. (2003). Wound healing and nutrition. Topics in Clinical Nutrition, 18(2), 100-110.
18.
Gottschlich, M. M. (Ed.). (2001). The science and practice of nutrition support: A case-based core curriculum. Silver Spring, MD: Aspen.
19.
Herrmann, F. R., Safran, C., Levkoff, S. E., & Minaker, K. L. (1992). Serum albumin level on admission as a predictor of death, length of stay, and read-mission. Archives of Internal Medicine, 152(1), 125-130.
20.
Hogan, S. L. (2004). How to help wounds heal. RN, 67(8), 26-31.
21.
Huffman, G. B. (2002). Evaluating and treating unintentional weight loss in the elderly. American Family Physician, 65, 640-650.
22.
Hurd, T. A. (2003). Nutrition and wound-care management/prevention. Wound Care Canada, 2(2), 20-24.
23.
Hyltoft, P. P., Felding, P., Horder, M., & Tryding, N. (1980). Effects of posture on concentrations of serum proteins in healthy adults. Dependence on the molecular size of proteins. Scandinavian Journal of Clinical and Laboratory Investigation, 40, 623-628.
24.
Institute of Medicine. (2000). Dietary reference intakes: Applications in dietary assessment. Washington, DC: National Academy of Science.
25.
Institute of Medicine, Food and Nutrition Board. (2001). Dietary reference intakes: Vitamin A, vitamin K, arsenic, boron, chromium, copper, iodine, iron, manganese, molybdenum, nickel, silicon, vanadium, and zinc. Washington, DC: National Academy Press.
26.
Kirk, S. J., Hurson, M., Regan, M. C., Holt, D. R., Wasserkrug, H. L., & Barbul, A. (1993). Arginine stimulates wound healing and immune function in elderly human beings. Surgery, 114, 155-160.
27.
Kiy, A. M. (1997). Nutrition in wound healing. A biophysical perspective. Nursing Clinics of North America, 32, 849-861.
28.
Lacy, C. F., Armstrong, L. L., Goldman, M. P., & Lance, L. L. (2001). Drug information handbook (9th ed.). Hudson, OH: Lexi-Comp.
29.
Leininger, S. M. (2002). Wound and skin management in the ICU: The role of nutrition in wound healing. Critical Care Nursing Quarterly, 25(1), 13-21.
30.
Liu, L., Bopp, M. M., Roberson, P. K., & Sullivan, D. H. (2002). Undernutrition and risk of mortality in elderly patients within 1 year of hospital discharge. Journal of Gerontology, 57(11), M741-M746.
31.
Lyder, C. H., Preston, J., & Grady, J. N. (2001). Quality of care for hospitalized Medicare patients at risk for pressure ulcers. Archive of Internal Medicine, 161, 1549-1554.
32.
Morley, J. E. (2002). Orexigenic and anabolic agents. Clinical Geriatric Medicine, 18, 853-866.
33.
National Pressure Ulcer Advisory Panel. (2004). NPUAP staging report. Retrieved February 24, 2005, from http://www.npuap.org/positn6.html
34.
Nutrition Screening Initiative Technical Review Committee. (2002). Nutrition interventions manual for professionals caring for older Americans. Washington, DC: American Academy of Family Physicians, American Dietetic Association, National Council on Aging, Grier, Margolis, Mitchell, Grunwald, & Associates.
35.
Oot-Giromini, B. A. (1993). Pressure ulcer prevalence, incidence, and associated risk factors in the community. Decubitus, 6(5), 24-32.
36.
Pennington, C. (2002). To PEG or not to PEG. Clinical Medicine, 2, 250-254.
37.
Posner, B., Smigelski, C., & Krachenfels, M. (1987). Dietary characteristics and nutrient intake in an urban population. Journal of the American Dietetic Association, 87, 452-456.
38.
Rote, N. S. (2002). Inflammation. In K. McCance & S. Huether (Eds.), Pathophysiology: The biologic basis for disease in adults and children (4th ed., pp. 197-207). St. Louis, MO: C. V. Mosby.
39.
Russel, R. M. (1997). New views on the RDAs for older adults. Journal of the American Dietetic Association, 97, 515-518.
40.
Sahyoun, N. R., Jacques, P. F., Dallal, G., & Russell, R. M. (1996). Use of albumin as a predictor of mortality in community dwelling and institutionalized elderly populations. Journal of Clinical Epidemiology, 49, 981-988.
41.
Scholl, D., & Langkamp-Henken, B. (2001). Nutrient recommendations for wound healing. Journal of Intravenous Nursing, 24, 124-132.
42.
Skipper, A. (1998). Dietitian’s handbook of enteral and parenteral nutrition (2nd ed.). Gaithersburg, MD: Aspen.
43.
Splett, P. L., Roth-Yousey, L. L., & Vogelzang, J. L. (2003). Medical nutrition therapy for the prevention and treatment of unintentional weight loss in residential healthcare facilities. Journal of American Dietetic Association, 103, 352-362.
44.
Sullivan, D. H. (2001). What do the serum proteins tell us about our elderly patients?Journal of Gerontology, 56A(2), M71-M74.
45.
Thomas, D. R., Goode, P. S., Tarquine, P. H., & Allman, R. (1996). Hospital acquired pressure ulcers and risk of death. Journal of American Geriatric Society, 44, 1435-1440.
46.
Thompson, C. W. (2003). Nutrition and adult wound healing. Retrieved January 2, 2005, from http://www.nutritioncare.org/listserv/wound%2520healing.pdf
47.
Turic, A., Lowry Gordon, K., Craig, L. D., Gonyon Ataya, D., & Coble Voss, A. (1998). Nutrition supplementation enables elderly residents of long-term-care facilities to meet or exceed RDAs without displacing energy or nutrient intakes from meals. Journal of the American Dietetic Association, 98, 1457-1459.
48.
Wallace, J. I., Schwartz, R. S., LaCroix, A. Z., Uhlmann, R. F., & Pearlman, R. A. (1995). Involuntary weight loss in older patients. Journal of American Geriatric Society, 43, 329-337.
49.
Xakellis, G., & Frantz, R. (1997). The cost of healing pressure ulcers across multiple health care settings. Advances in Wound Care, 9, 18.
50.
Ziegler, T. R., Benfell, K., Smith, R. J., Young, L. S., Brown, E., Ferrari-Balliviera, E., et al. (1990). Safety and metabolic effects of L-glutamine administration in humans. Journal of Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition, 14(4), 137S-146S.