A brief review of benefits and basic concepts of four independent nursing interventions for the management of pain is presented. Relaxation, imagery, music, and touch are simple to learn and implement for the nurse and require limited energy expenditure for the patient.
Get full access to this article
View all access options for this article.
References
1.
Berman, B.M., & Singh, B.B. (1997). Chronic low back pain: An outcome analysis of a mind-body intervention. Complementary Therapies in Medicine, 5, 29-35.
2.
DePalma, M.T., & Weisse, C.S. (1997). Psychological influences on pain perception and non-pharmacologic approaches to the treatment of pain. Journal of Hand Therapy, 10, 183-191.
3.
Dossey, B.M., Keegan, L., & Guzzetta, C.E. (2000). Holistic nursing: A handbook for practice. Gaithersburg, MD: Aspen.
4.
Estes, M.E. (2002). Health assessment and physical examination (2nd ed.). Albany, NY: Delmar.
5.
Fontaine, K.L. (2000). Healing practices: Alternative therapies for nursing. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice Hall.
6.
Grealish, L., Lomasney, A., & Whiteman, B. (2000). Foot massage: A nursing intervention to modify the distressing symptoms of pain and nausea in patients hospitalized with cancer. Cancer Nursing, 23, 237-243.
7.
Keegan, L. (2001). Healing with complementary & alternative therapies. Albany, NY: Delmar.
8.
Libster, M. (2001). Demonstrating care: The art of integrating nursing. Albany, NY: Delmar.
9.
Sellick, S.M., & Zaza, C. (1998). Critical review of 5 nonpharmacologic strategies for managing cancer pain. Cancer Prevention & Control, 2, 7-14.
10.
Seers, K., & Carroll, D. (1998). Relaxation techniques for acute pain management: A systematic review. Journal of Advanced Nursing, 27, 466-475.
11.
Trauger-Querry, B., & Haghighi, K.R. (1999). Balancing the focus: Art and music therapy for pain control and symptom management in hospice care. The Hospice Journal, 14, 25-39.
12.
Wallace, K.G. (1997). Analysis of recent literature concerning relaxation and imagery interventions for cancer pain. Cancer Nursing, 20(2), 79-87.
