Review of Pimecrolimus Cream 1% in Children for the Treatment of Mild to Moderate Atopic Dermatitis

Abstract

Get full access to this article

View all access options for this article.

References

Larsen FS , Hanifin JM. Epidemiology of atopic dermatitis. Immunol Allergy Clin North Am. 2002;22: 1-24.

Leung DYM , Boguniewicz M , Howell MD , Nomura I , Hamid QA. New insights into atopic dermatitis. J Clin Invest. 2004;113: 651-657.

Beltrani VS , Boguneiwicz M. Atopic dermatitis. Dermatol Online J. 2003;9: 1-27.

Graham-Brown RAC. Atopic dermatitis: predictions, expectations, and outcomes. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2001; 45: S61-S63.

Leung DY , Bieber T. Atopic dermatitis. Lancet. 2003; 361: 151-160.

Taylor B , Wadsworth J , Wadsworth M , Peckham C. Changes in the reported prevalence of childhood eczema since the 1939-45 war. Lancet. 1984;2: 1255-1257.

Spergel JM , Paller AS. Atopic dermatitis and the atopic march. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2003;112: S118-S127.

Leung DYM , Nicklas RA , Li JT , et al. Disease management of atopic dermatitis: an updated practice parameter. Joint Task Force on Practice Parameters. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol. 2004;93: S1-S21.

Eichenfield LF , Hanifin JM , Luger TA , Stevens SR , Pride HB. Consensus conference on pediatric atopic dermatitis. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2003;49: 1088-1095.

10.

Ahuja A , Land K , Barnes CJ. Atopic dermatitis. South Med J. 2003;96: 1068-1072.

11.

Wellington K , Noble S. Pimecrolimus: a review of its use in atopic dermatitis. Am J Clin Dermatol. 2004;5: 479-495.

12.

Chang J , Sung J. Health plan budget impact analysis for pimecrolimus. J Manag Care Pharm. 2005;11: 66-73.

13.

Hebert AA , Warken KA , Cherill R. Pimecrolimus cream 1%: a new development in nonsteroid topical treatment of inflammatory skin diseases. Semin Cutan Med Surg. 2001;20: 260-267.

14.

Alomar A , Berth-Jones J , Bos JD , et al. The role of topical calcineurin inhibitors in atopic dermatitis. Br J Dermatol. 2004;151(Suppl 70): 3-27.

15.

Hanifin JM , Cooper KD , Ho VC , et al.

Guidelines of care for atopic dermatitis, developed in accordance with the American Academy of Dermatology (AAD)/American Academy of Dermatology Association “Administrative Regulations for Evidence-Based Clinical Practice Guidelines.”

J Am Acad Dermatol. 2004;50: 391-404.

16.

Van Der Meer JB , Glazenburg EJ , Mulder PG , Eggink HF , Coenraads PJ , on behalf of The Netherlands Adult Atopic Dermatitis Study Group . The management of moderate to severe atopic dermatitis in adults with topical fluticasone propionate. Br J Dermatol. 1999;140: 1114-1121.

17.

Kligman A. Adverse effects of topical corticosteroids. In: Christophers E , ed. Topical Corticosteroid Therapy: A Novel Approach to Safer Drugs. New York: Raven Press; 1988:181-187.

18.

Fisher DA. Adverse effects of topical corticosteroid use. West J Med. 1995;162: 123-126.

19.

Stuetz A , Grassberger M , Meingassner JG. Pimecrolimus (Elidel, SDZ ASM 981)—preclinical pharmacologic profile and skin selectivity. Semin Cutan Med Surg. 2001; 20: 233-241.

20.

Arai T , Koyama Y , Suenaga T , Honda H. Ascomycin, an antifungal antibiotic. J Antibiot (Tokyo). 1962;15: 231-232.

21.

Grassberger M , Baumruker T , Enz A , et al. A novel anti-inflammatory drug, SDZ ASM 981, for the treatment of skin diseases: in vitro pharmacology. Br J Dermatol. 1999;141: 264-273.

22.

Hultsch T , Müller KD , Meingassner JG , Grassberger M , Schopf RE , Knop J. Ascomycin macrolactam derivative SDZ ASM 981 inhibits the release of granule-associated mediators and of newly synthesized cytokines in RBL 2H3 mast cells in an immunophilin-dependent manner. Arch Dermatol Res. 1998;290: 501-507.

23.

Zuberbier T , Chong SU , Grunow K , et al. The ascomycin macrolactam pimecrolimus (Elidel, SDZ ASM 981) is a potent inhibitor of mediator release from human dermal mast cells and peripheral blood basophils. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2001;108: 275-280.

24.

Hoetzenecker W , Ecker R , Kopp T , Stuetz A , Stingl G , Elbe-Bürger A. Pimecrolimus leads to an apoptosis-induced depletion of T cells but not Langerhans cells in patients with atopic dermatitis. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2005;115: 1276-1283.

25.

Gupta AK , Chow M. Pimecrolimus: a review. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol. 2003;17: 493-503.

26.

Eichenfield LF , Lucky AW , Boguniewicz M , et al. Safety and efficacy of pimecrolimus (ASM 981) cream 1% in the treatment of mild and moderate atopic dermatitis in children and adolescents. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2002;46: 495-504.

27.

Wahn U , Bos JD , Goodfield M , et al , for the Flare Reduction in Eczema with Elidel (Children) Multicenter Investigator Study Group . Efficacy and safety of pimecrolimus cream in the long-term management of atopic dermatitis in children. Pediatrics. 2002;110: e2-e2.

28.

Barbier N , Paul C , Luger T , et al. Validation of the Eczema Area and Severity Index for atopic dermatitis in a cohort of 1550 patients from the pimecrolimus cream 1% randomized controlled clinical trials programme. Br J Dermatol. 2004;150: 96-102.

29.

Champion RH , Burton JL , Ebling FGP , eds. Unwanted effects of topical steroids. In: Textbook of Dermatology. London: Blackwell Scientific Publications; 1992: 3072-3076.

30.

Queille-Roussel C , Paul C , Duteil L , et al. The new topical ascomycin derivative SDZ ASM 981 does not induce skin atrophy when applied to normal skin for 4 weeks: a randomized, double-blind controlled study. Br J Dermatol. 2001;144: 507-513.

31.

Moore DE. Drug-induced cutaneous photosensitivity: incidence, mechanism, prevention and management. Drug Saf. 2002;25: 345-372.

32.

Elidel [prescribing information]. East Hanover, NJ: Novartis Pharmaceuticals Corporation, 2006.

33.

Bernard LA , Bergman JN , Eichenfield LF. Pimecrolimus 1% cream (Elidel®) for atopic dermatitis. Skin Therapy Lett. 2002;7: 1-3.

34.

Ong PY , Ohtake T , Brandt C , et al. Endogenous antimicrobial peptides and skin infections in atopic dermatitis. N Engl J Med. 2002;347: 1151-1160.

35.

Leung DYM. Infection in atopic dermatitis. Curr Opin Pediatr. 2003;15: 399-404.

36.

Billich A , Aschauer H , Aszódi A , Stuetz A. Percutaneous absorption of drugs used in atopic eczema: pimecrolimus permeates less through skin than corticosteroids and tacrolimus. Int J Pharm. 2004;269: 29-35.

37.

Ling M , Gottlieb A , Pariser D , et al. A randomized study of the safety, absorption and efficacy of pimecrolimus cream 1% applied twice or four times daily in patients with atopic dermatitis. J Dermatolog Treat. 2005;16: 142-148.

38.

Harper J , Green A , Scott G , et al. First experience of topical SDZ ASM 981 in children with atopic dermatitis. Br J Dermatol. 2001;144: 781-787.

39.

Van Leent EJM , Ebelin ME , Burtin P , Dorobek B , Spuls PI , Bos JD. Low systemic exposure after repeated topical application of pimecrolimus (Elidel®) SDZ ASM 981) in patients with atopic dermatitis. Dermatology. 2002; 204: 63-68.

40.

Allen BR , Lakhanpaul M , Morris A , et al. Systemic exposure, tolerability, and efficacy of pimecrolimus cream 1% in atopic dermatitis patients. Arch Dis Child. 2003;88: 969-973.

41.

Allen R , Morris A , Cardno M , Scott G , Ebelin ME , Burtin P. Clinical experience with SDZ ASM 981 cream in children 5-16 years old with extensive atopic dermatitis. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol. 1999;12(Suppl 2): S139-S140. Abstract ST15-7.

42.

Papp KA , Breuer K , Meurer M , et al. Long-term treatment of atopic dermatitis with pimecrolimus cream 1% in infants does not interfere with the development of protective antibodies after vaccination. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2005;52: 247-253.