FDG-PET in Clinical Oncology: Review of the Literature and Report of One Institution's Experience

Warburg O. On the origin of cancer cells. Science 1956;123:309–14.

Blessing C , Feine U , Geiger L , Carl M , Rassner G , Fierlbeck G. Positron emission tomography and ultrasonography-a comparative retrospective study assessing the diagnostic validity in lymph node metastases of malignant melanoma. Arch Dermatol 1995;131:1394–8.

Fornage BD , Lorigan JG . Sonographic detection and fine-needle aspiration biopsy of nonpalpable recurrent or metastatic melanoma in subcutaneous tissues. J Ultrasound Med 1989;8:421–4.

Haubold-Reuter BG , Duewell S , Schilcher BR , Marincek B , von Schulthess GK . The value of bone scintigraphy and fast spin-echo magnetic resonance imaging in staging of patients with malignant solid tumors: a prospective study. Eur J Nucl Med 1993;20:1063–9.

Buzaid AC , Sandler AB , Mani S , Curtis A , Poo WJ , Bolognia JL , Ariyan S. Role of computed tomography in the staging of malignant melanoma. J Clin Oncol 1993;11:638–43.

Sasaki M , Ichiya Y , Kuwabara Y , Akashi Y , Yoshida T , Fukumura T , Murayama S , Ishida T , Sugio K , Masuda K. The usefulness of FDG positron emission tomography for the detection of lymph node metastases in patients with non-small cell lung cancer: a comparative study with X-ray computed tomography. Eur J Nucl Med 1996;23:741–7.

Scott WJ , Gobar LS , Terry JD , Dewan NA , Sunderland JJ . Mediastinal lymph node staging of non-small cell lung cancer: a prospective comparison of computed tomography and positron emission tomography. J Thor Cardiovasc Surg 1996;111:642–8.

Kirgan D , Guenther J , Bhattathiry M , . The importance of whole body PET scans on the management of metastatic malignant melanoma [abstract]. Program of the Proceedings of the Annual Meeting of the American Society of Clinical Oncology 1994;13:396.

Adler LP , Crowe JP , Ai-Kaisi NK , Sunshine JL . Evaluation of breast masses and axillary lymph nodes with (F-18)2-deoxy-2-fluoro-D-glucose PET. Radiology 1993;187:743–50.

Böni R , Huch-Böni RA , Steinert H , Burg G , Buck A , Marincek B , Berthold T , Dummer R , Voelly D , Ballmer B. Staging of metastatic melanoma by whole-body positron emission tomography using 2-fluorine-18-fluoro-2-deoxy-D-glucose. Br J Dermatol 1995;132:556–62.

Böni R. Whole-body positron emission tomography: an accurate staging modality for metastatic melanoma. Arch Dermatol 1996;132:833–4.

Böni R , Huch-Böni RA , Steinert H , von Schulthess GK , Burg G. Early detection of melanoma metastasis using fluorodeoxyglucose F-18 positron emission tomography. Arch Dermatol 1996;132:875–6.

Gritters LS , Francis IR , Zasadny KR , Wahl RL . Initial assessment of positron emission tomography using 2-fluorine-18-fluoro-2-deoxy-d-glucose in the imaging of malignant melanoma. J Nucl Med 1993;34:1420–7.

Grünwald F , Schomburg A , Bender H , Klemm E , Menzel C , Bultmann T , Palmedo H , Ruhlman J , Kozak B , Biersack HJ . Fluorine-18-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography in the follow-up of differentiated thyroid cancer. Eur J Nucl Med 1996;23:312–9.

Shreve PD , Grossman HB , Gross MD , Wahl RL . Metastasic prostate cancer: initial findings of PET with 2-Deoxy-2-[F-18]fluoro-D-glucose. Radiology 1996;199:751–6.

Steinert HC , Huch-Böni RA , Buck A , Böni R , Berthold T , Marincek B , Burg G , von Schulthess GK . Malignant melanoma: staging with whole-body positron emission tomography and 2-(F-18)-Fluoro-2-deoxy-D-glucose. Radiology 1995;195:705–9.

Rinne D , Baum RP , Hör G , Kaufmann R. Primary staging and follow-up of high-risk melanoma patients by whole-body F-18-FDG positron emission tomography (PET): results of a prospective study in 100 patients. Cancer 1998;82:1664–71.

Rigo P , Paulus P , Kaschten BJ , Hustinx R , Bury T , Jerusalem G , Benoit T , Foidart-Willems J. Oncological applications of positron emission tomography with fluorine-18 fluorodeoxyglucose. Eur J Nucl Med 1996;23:1641–74.

Yao WJ , Hoh JA , Glaspy F. Whole-body FDG-PET imaging for staging of malignant melanoma: is it cost effective? J Nucl Med 1994;35:8P.

von Shulthess GK , Steinert HC , Dummer R , Weder W. Cost-effectiveness of whole-body PET imaging in non-small cell lung cancer and malignant melanoma. Acad Radiol 1998;5(Suppl 2):S300–2.

Pounds TR , Valk PE , Haseman MK . Whole-body PET-FDG imaging in diagnosis of metastatic melanoma: comparison to CT [abstract]. J Nucl Med 1995;36:119P.

Valk PE , Segall GM , Johnson DL , Pounds TR , Tesar RD , Jadvar H , Abella-Columna E. Cost-effectiveness of whole-body FDG PET imaging in metastatic melanoma. J Nucl Med 1997;38:90P.

Reske S. Arbeitsausschuß positronen-emissions-tomographie der DGN: konsensus-onko-PET. Nuklearmedizin 1997;36:45–6.

Minn H , Clavo AC , Greenman R , Wahl RL . In vitro comparison of cell proliferation kinetics and uptake of tritiated fluorodeoxyglucose and L-methionine in squamous-cell carcinoma of the head and neck. J Nucl Med 1995;36:252–8.

Bailet JW , Abemayor E , Jabour BA , Hawkins RA , Ho C , Ward PH . Positron emission tomography: a new, precise imaging modality for detection of primary head and neck tumors and assessment of cervical adenopathy. Laryngoscope 1992;102:281–8.

Benchaou M , Lehmann W , Slosman DO , Becker M , Lemoine R , Rufenacht D , Donath A. The role of FDG-PET in the pre-operative assessment of N-staging in head and neck cancer. Acta Otolaryngol (Stockh) 1996;116:332–5.

Jabour BA , Choi Y , Hoh CK , Rege SD , Soong JC , Lufkin RB , Hanafee WN , Maddhi J , Chaiken L , Bailet J , . Extracranial head and neck: PET imaging with 2-[F-18]Fluoro-2-deoxy-D-glucose and MR imaging correlation. Radiology 1993;186:27–35.

Rege S , Maass A , Chaiken L , Hoh CK , Choi Y , Lufkin R , Anzai Y , Juillard G , Maddahi J , Phelps ME . Use of positron emission tomography with fluorodeoxyglucose in patients with extracranial head and neck cancers. Cancer 1994;73:3047–58.

Rege SD , Chaiken L , Hoh CK , Choi Y , Lufkin R , Anzai Y , Juillard G , Maddhi J , Phelps ME , Hawkins RA . Change induced by radiation therapy in FDG uptake in normal and malignant structures of the head and neck: quantitation with PET. Radiology 1993;189:807–12.

Minn H , Soini I. [18F]Fluorodeoxyglucose scintigraphy in diagnosis and follow-up of treatment in advanced breast cancer. Eur J Nucl Med 1989;15:61–6.

Wahl RL , Cody RL , Hutchins GD , Mudgett EE . Primary and metastatic breast carcinoma: initial clinical evaluation with PET with the radiolabeled glucose analogue 2-(F-18)-fluoro-D-glucose. Radiology 1991;179:765–70.

Wahl RL , Kaminski MS , Ethier SP , Hutchins GD . The potential of 2-deoxy-2-(F18)-fluoro-D-glucose (FDG) for the detection of tumor involvement in lymph nodes. J Nucl Med 1990;31:1831–5.

Tse NY , Hoh CK , Hawkins RA , Zinner MJ , Dahlburn M , Choi Y , Maddahi J , Brunicardi FC , Phelps ME , Glaspy JA . The application of positron emission tomographic imaging with fluorodeoxyglucose to the evaluation of breast disease. Ann Surg 1992;216:27–34.

Khalkhali I , Mena I , Digles L. Review of imaging techniques for the diagnosis of breast cancer: the new role of prone scintimammography using technetium-99m-sestamibi. Eur J Nucl Med 1994;21:357–62.

Palmedo H , Schomburg A , Grünwald F , Mallmann P , Krebs D , Biersack HJ . Technetium-99m-MIBI scintimammography for suspicious breast lesions. J Nucl Med 1996;37:626–30.

Boring CC , Squires TS , Tong T. Cancer statistics 1993. CA Cancer J Clin 1993;43:7–26.

Seppelt U. Validierung verschiedener diagnostischer methoden zur beurteilung des lymphknotenstatus. In: Weißbach L , Bussar-Maatz R (Hrsg), eds. Die diagnostik des ho-dentumors und seiner metastasen. Basel, Switzerland: Karger; 1988:154–69.

Bender H , Schomburg A , Albers P , Palmedo H , Menzel F , Klemm E , Grünwald F , Ruhlmann J , Müller SC , Biersack HJ . Grenzen von Ganzkörper-FDG-PET beim staging von Hoden-Tumoren. Nuklearmedizin 1996;35:A54.

Reinhardt M , Müller-Mattheis V , Vosberg H , Ackermann R , Müller-Gärtner HW . Staging retroperitonealer lymphknoten bei hodenkrebs mit FDG-PET. Nuklearmedizin 1997;36:A33.

Cremerius U , Adam G , Zimny M , Jakse G , Büll U. Vergleich von FDG-PET, CT, und tumormarkern beim hodentumor-staging. Nuklearmedizin 1998;37:A10.

Valk PE , Pounds TR , Hopkins DM , . Staging lung cancer by whole-body PET-FDG imaging [abstract]. J Nucl Med 1995;36:96P.

Lewis K , Griffin S , Mardsen P , Gee T , Nunan T , Malsey M , Dussek J. Whole-body 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography in preoperative evaluation of lung cancer. Lancet 1994;344:1265–6.

Valk PE , Pounds TR , Hopkins DM , Haseman MK , Hofer GA , Greiss HB , Myers RW , Lutrin CL . Staging lung cancer by PET imaging. Ann Thor Surg 1995;60:1573–82.

Dewan NA , Gupta NC , Redepenning LS , Phalen JJ , Frick MP . Diagnostic efficacy of PET-FDG imaging in solitary pulmonary nodules. Potential role in evaluation and management. Chest 1993;104(4):997–1002.

Salathe M , Soler M , Bolliger CT , Dalquen P , Perruchoud AP . Transbronchial needle aspiration in routine fiberoptic bronchoscopy. Respiration 1992;59:5–8.

Wang KP , Kelly SJ , Britt JE . Percutaneous needle aspiration biopsy of chest lesions. New instrument and new technique. Chest 1988;93:993–7.

Winning AJ , McIvor J , Seed WA , Husain OA , Metaxas N. Interpretation of negative results in fine needle aspiration of discrete pulmonary lesions. Thorax 1986;41(11):875–9.

Chin R Jr , Ward R , Keyes JW , Choplin RH , Reed JC , Wallenhaupt S , Hudspeth AS , Haponik EF . Mediastinal staging of non-small-cell lung cancer with positron emission tomography. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 1995;152:2090–6.

Gupta NC , Frank AR , Dewan NA , Redepenning LS , Rothberg ML , Mailliard JA , Phalen JJ , Sunderland JJ , Frick MP . Solitary pulmonary nodules: detection of malignancy with PET with 2-(F-18)-Fluoro-2-deoxy-D-glucose. Radiology 1992;184:441–4.

Gupta NC , Dewan NA , Frank A. Diagnostic evaluation of suspected solitary nodules (SPN) using PET FDG imaging. Chest 1993;104:119S.

Kubota K , Matsuzawa T , Fujiwara T , Ito M , Hatazawa J , Ishiwata K , Iwata R , Ido T. Differential diagnosis of lung tumors with positron emission tomography: a prospective study. J Nucl Med 1990;31(12):1927–32.

Patz EF Jr , Lowe VJ , Hoffman JM , Paine SS , Burrowes P , Coleman RE , Goodman PC . Focal pulmonary abnormalities: evaluation with F-18-fluorodeoxyglucose PET scanning. Radiology 1993;188(2):487–90.

Lowe VJ , Fletcher JW , Gobar L , Lawson M , Kirchner P , Valk P , Karis J , Hübner K , Delbeke D , Heiberg EV , Patz EF , Coleman RE . Prospective investigation of positron emission tomography in lung nodules. J Clin Oncol 1998;16:1075–84.

Steinert HC , Hauser M , Allemann F , Engel H , Berthold T , von Schulthess GK , Weder W. Non-small cell lung cancer: nodal staging with FDG-PET versus CT with correlative lymph node mapping and sampling. Radiology 1997;202:441–6.

Bury T , Dowlati A , Paulus P , Hustinx R , Radermecker M , Rigo P. Staging of non-small cell lung cancer by whole-body fluorine-18 deoxyglucose positron emission tomography. Eur J Nucl Med 1996:23:204–6.

Valk PE , Pounds TR , Tesar RD , Hopkins DM , White RI , Orringer MB . Staging of mediastinal non-small cell lung cancer with FDG-PET, CT, and fusion images: preliminary prospective evaluation. Radiology 1994;191:371–7.

Strauss LG . Die Positronen-Emissions-Tomographie in der onkologischen therapiekon-trolle. Nuklearmediziner 1996;19:281–5.

Hebert ME , Lowe VJ , Hoffmann JM , Patz EF , Anscher MS . Positron emission tomography in the pretreatment evaluation and follow-up of non-small cell lung cancer patients treated with radiotherapy: preliminary findings. Am J Clin Oncol 1996;19:416–21.

Schlag P , Lehner B , Strauss LG , Georgi P , Herfarth C. Scar or recurrent rectal cancer. Positron emission tomography is more helpful for diagnosis than immunoscintigraphy. Arch Surg 1989;124:197–200.

Strauss LG , Clorius JH , Schlag P , Lehner B , Kimmig B , Engenhart R , Marin-Grez M , Helus F , Oberdorfer F , Schmidlin P. Recurrence of colorectal tumors: PET evaluation. Radiology 1989;170:329–32.

Ito K , Kato T , Tadokorro M , Ishiguchi T , Oshima M , Ishigaki T , Sakuma S. Recurrent rectal cancer and scar: differentiation with PET and MR imaging. Radiology 1992;182:549–52.

Schiepers C , Penninchx F , Merckx E. Total body PET imaging of recurrent recto-sigmoid cancer with 18F-FDG [abstract]. J Nucl Med 1993;34:222P.

Falk PM , Gupta NC , Thorson AG , Frick MP , Boman BM , Christensen MA , Blatchford GJ . Positron emission tomography for preoperative staging of colorectal carcinoma. Dis Colon Rectum 1994;37:153–6.

Ruhlmann J , Schomburg A , Bender H , Oehr P , Robertz-Vaupel GM , Vaupel H , Wolter H , Kozak B , Biersack HJ . Fluorodeoxyglucose whole body positron emission tomography in colorectal cancer patients studied in routine daily practice. Dis Colon Rectum 1997;40:1195–204.

Valk PE , Pounds TR , Tesar RD , Hopkins DM , Haseman MK . Cost-effectiveness of PET imaging in clinical oncology. Nucl Med Biol 1996;23:737–43.

Feine U , Lietzenmayer R , Hanke JP , Wohrle H , Muller-Schauenburg W. 18-FDG whole-body PET in differentiated thyroid carcinoma. Flipflop in uptake patterns of F-18-FDG and 1311. Nuklearmedizin 1995;34:127–34.

Braams JW , Pruim J , Freling NJM , Nikkels PG , Roodenburg JL , Boering G , Vaalburg W , Vermey A. Detection of lymph node metastases of squamous-cell cancer of head and neck with FDG-PET and MRI. J Nucl Med 1995;36:211–6.

Laubenbacher C , Block T , Avril N. Lymph node status in patients with testicular cancer: assessment by F-18 FDG PET [abstract]. Eur J Nucl Med 1995;22:888.

Kau RJ , Alexiou C , Laubenbacher C , Ziegler S , Schwaiger M , Arnold W. Positron emission tomography (PET) for the preoperative staging of head and neck tumours. Br J Cancer 1998;77:12.