WangRLiZLiuS, et al. Global, regional and national burden of inflammatory bowel disease in 204 countries and territories from 1990 to 2019: a systematic analysis based on the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019. BMJ Open2023; 13(3): e065186.
2.
de SouzaHSPFiocchiC. Immunopathogenesis of IBD: current state of the art. Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol2016; 13(1): 13–27.
3.
SchichoRMarscheGStorrM.Cardiovascular complications in inflammatory bowel disease. Current Drug Targets2015; 16: 181–188.
4.
BunuD-MTimofteC-ECiocoiuM, et al. Cardiovascular manifestations of inflammatory bowel disease: pathogenesis, diagnosis, and preventive strategies. Gastroenterol Res Pract2019; (1–14): 3012509.
5.
SunJYaoJOlénO, et al. Risk of heart failure in inflammatory bowel disease: a Swedish population-based study. Eur Heart J2024; 45(28): 2493–2504.
6.
HugenbergDWRosenmanMHellmanY, et al. Inflammatory bowel disease is associated with risk of mortality and hospitalization in patients with heart failure. J Cardiac Failure2016; 22(8): S95.
7.
SameerPrasadaRiveraASArvindNishtala, et al. Differential associations of chronic inflammatory diseases with incident heart failure. JACC: Heart Failure2020; 8(6): 489–498.
8.
AniwanSPardiDSTremaineWJ, et al. Increased risk of acute myocardial infarction and heart failure in patients with inflammatory bowel diseases. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol2018; 16(10): 1607–1615.e1.
9.
KimCHIyerAMAl-KindiSG, et al. Heart failure and cardiovascular risk in inflammatory bowel disease. J Cardiac Failure2016; 22(8): S74–S74.
10.
AdamoLRocha-ResendeCPrabhuSD, et al. Reappraising the role of inflammation in heart failure. Nat Rev Cardiol2020; 17(5): 269–285.
11.
SchiattarellaGGAlcaidePCondorelliG, et al. Immunometabolic mechanisms of heart failure with preserved ejection fraction. Nat Cardiovasc Res2022; 1(3): 211–222.
12.
BigehASanchezAMaestasC, et al. Inflammatory bowel disease and the risk for cardiovascular disease: does all inflammation lead to heart disease?Trends Cardiovasc Med2020; 30(8): 463–469.
13.
PaulusWJTschöpeC.A novel paradigm for heart failure with preserved ejection fraction: comorbidities drive myocardial dysfunction and remodeling through coronary microvascular endothelial inflammation. J Am Coll Cardiol2013; 62(4): 263–271.
14.
KirchgesnerJBeaugerieLCarratF, et al. Increased risk of acute arterial events in young patients and severely active IBD: a nationwide French cohort study. Gut2018; 67(7): 1261–1268.
15.
SunJRoelstraeteBSvennbergE, et al. Long-term risk of arrhythmias in patients with inflammatory bowel disease: a population-based, sibling-controlled cohort study. PLoS Med2023; 20(10): e1004305.
16.
BlumAMillerH.Pathophysiological role of cytokines in congestive heart failure. Annu Rev Med2001; 52: 15–27.
17.
OliveraPAZuilySKotzePG, et al. International consensus on the prevention of venous and arterial thrombotic events in patients with inflammatory bowel disease. Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol2021; 18(12): 857–873.
18.
YtterbergSRBhattDLMikulsTR, et al. Cardiovascular and cancer risk with tofacitinib in rheumatoid arthritis. N Engl J Med2022; 386(4): 316–326.
