The authors study the effect of polarization switching on the dynamic behavior of a model ferroelectric actuator using the system dynamics approach. The analysis indicates that the stress resulting from polarization switching always oscillates at a frequency slightly lower than the system resonance frequency if the applied electric field is harmonic and is of a frequency lower than one-half of the system resonance frequency, and that the oscillating frequency is determined by the intrinsic properties of the system. In the case that the frequency of the applied electric field is larger than one-half of the system resonance frequency, the stress oscillates at twice the frequency of the applied electric field. Furthermore, the oscillating stress resulting from polarization switching has a larger amplitude than the stress occurring in the absence of polarization switching. The authors relate these results to the experimental observations that the fatigue life of ferroelectric ceramics is shortened substantially when polarization switching takes place.
Get full access to this article
View all access options for this article.
References
1.
[1] Crawley, E. F. and de Luis, J.: Use of piezoelectric actuators as elements of intelligent structures. AIAA Journal, 5, 1373-1385 (1987).
2.
[2] Cross, L. E.: Ferroelectric ceramics: Tailoring properties for specific applications, in Ferroelectric Ceramics, pp. 1-86, ed., N. Setter and E. L. Colla, Birkhauser Wrlag Basel, Monte Writa, 1993.
3.
[3] Newnham, R. E. and Ruschau, G. R.: Smart electroceramics. Ceramic Bulletin, 75, 51-61 (1996).
4.
[4] Jiang, Q., Cao, W., and Cross, L. E.: Electric fatigue in lead zirconate titanate ceramics. Journal of the American Ceramic Society, 77, 211-215 (1994).
5.
[5] Jiang, Q. and Cross, L. E.: Effect of porosity on electric fatigue behavior in PLZT and PZT ceramics. Journal of Material Science, 28, 4536-4543 (1994).
6.
[6] Freiman, S. W. and White, G. S.: Intelligent ceramic materials: Issues of brittle fracture. Journal of Intelligent Material Systems and Structures, 6, 49-54 (1995).
7.
[7] Hill, M. D., White, G. S., Hwang, C. S., and Lloyd, I.K.: Cyclic damage in lead zirconate titanate. Journal of the American Ceramic Society, 79, 1915-1920 (1996).
8.
[8] Kim, S. J. and Jiang, Q.: Modeling and simulation of electric fatigue. Smart Materials & Structures, 5, 321-326 (1996).
9.
[9] Pohanka, R. C., Rice, R. W., and Walker, B. E.: Effect of internal stress on the strength of BaTiO 3. Journal of the American Ceramic Society, 59, 71-74 (1976).
10.
[10] McMeeking, R. M.: A J-integral for analysis of electrically induced mechanical stress at cracks in elastic dielectrics. International Journal of Engineering Science, 28, 605-613 (1990).
11.
[11] Suo, Z., Kuo, C. M., Barnett, D. M., and Willis, J. R.: Fracture mechanics for piezoelectric ceramics. Journal of the Mechanics and Physics of Solids, 40, 739-765 (1992).
12.
[12] Sosa, H.: On fracture mechanics of piezoelectric solids. International Journal of Structures and Solids, 29, 2403-2419 (1992).
13.
[13] Hom, C. L. and Shankar, N.: A fully coupled constitutive model for electrostrictive ceramic materials. Journal of Intelligent Material Systems and Structures, 5, 795-801 (1994).
14.
[14] Park, S. and Sun, C. T.: Fracture criteria for piezoelectric ceramics. Journal of the American Ceramic Society, 78, 1475-1480 (1995).
15.
[15] Zhang, Y. and Jiang, Q.: Twinning-induced electric field and stress concentrations in ferroelectric ceramics. Journal of the American Ceramic Society, 78, 3290-3296 (1995).
16.
[16] Lynch, C. S.: The effect of uniaxial stress on the electromechanical response of 8/65/35 PLZTActa Materia, 44, 4137-4148 (1996).
17.
[17] Gao, H., Fulton, C. C., Zhang, T. Y., Tong, P., and Barnett, D. M.: Multiscale energy release rates in fracture of piezoelectric ceramics, in Mathematics and Control in Smart Structures, vol. 3039, pp. 228-233, ed., V v Varadan and J. Chandra, SPIE, Bellingham, 1997.
18.
[18] Cao, H. and Evans, A. G.: Electric-field-induced fatigue crack grow in piezoelectrics. Journal of the American Ceramic Society, 77, 1783-1786 (1994).
19.
[19] Huo, Y Z. and Jiang, Q.: Effect of polarization switching upon stress in thickness vibration of a ferroelectric plate. Journal of the American Ceramic Society, 79, 651-654 (1996).
20.
[20] Suresh, S.: Fatigue of Materials, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 1991.
21.
[21] Chen, I. W., Liu, S. Y., Jacobs, D. S., and Engineer, M.: Fracture mechanics of fatigue of structural ceramics, in Fracture Mechanics of Ceramics, vol. 12, pp. 1-14, ed., R. C. Bradt, D.PH. Hasselman, D. Munz, M. Sakai, and V Y Shevchenko, Plenum Press, New York, 1996.
22.
[22] Feng, Z. C. and Li, D. Z.: Dynamics of a mechanical system with a shape memory alloy bar. Journal of Intelligent Material Systems and Structures, 7, 399-410 (1996).
23.
[23] Tiersten, H. F.: Linear Piezoelectric Plate Vibration, Plenum Press, New York, 1969.
24.
[24] Xu, Y.: Ferroelectric Materials and Their Applications, North-Holland, New York, 1991.
25.
[25] Hwang, S. C., Lynch, C. S., and McMeeking, R. M.: Ferroelectric/ferroelastic interactions and a polarization switching model. Acta Metallurgica Materials, 43, 2073-2084 (1995).
26.
[26] Huo, Y. and Jiang, Q.: Modeling of domain switching in polycrystalline ferroelectric ceramics. Smart Materials and Structures, 6, 441-447 (1997).
27.
[27] Jaffe, B., Cook, W., and Jaffe, H.: Piezoelectric Ceramics, Academic Press, London, 1971.
28.
[28] Bonet, C.: Singular perturbation of relaxed periodic orbits. Journal of Differential Equations, 66, 301-339 (1987).
29.
[29] White, G. S., Breiner, D. M., and Jiang, Q.: Damage generated in cyclically loaded PZT, in Mathematics and Control in Smart Structures, vol. 3039, pp. 136-143, ed., V V Maradan and J. Chandra, SPIE, Bellingham, 1997.
