The diversity of society today requires people to interact
with others who have different cultural backgrounds. The
simplest communication can be complicated by nonverbal
factors. This study used a pretest-posttest design to deter
mine the effect of an intervention treatment consisting of
students viewing pictures of people and identifying attrib
utes based solely on what they see. Then in groups the
students discussed their varying interpretations. The
findings were that the treatment made students more aware
of nonverbal factors and how they are involved in interper
sonal communication.
Get full access to this article
View all access options for this article.
References
1.
Ailes, R. (1988). You are the message. New York: Doubleday.
2.
Arnold, V.D., & Roach, T.D. (1989). Teaching: A nonverbal communication event. Business Education Forum, 44(1), 18-20.
3.
Burgoon, J. (1985). Nonverbal signals. In M. Knapp & J. Miller, (Eds.), Handbook of interpersonal communication . Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
4.
Cappella, J.N., & Palmer, M.T. (1990). Attitude similarity, relational history, and attraction: The mediating effects of kinesic and vocal behaviors. Communication Monographs, 57 , 161-181.
5.
Carnevale, A.P., Gainer, L.J., & Meltzer, A.S. (1991). Workplace basics: The essential skills employers want. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass .
6.
Fast, J. (1970). Body language. New York : M. Evans.
7.
Friedman, H.S., Prince, L.M., Riggio, R.E., & DiMatteo, M.R. (1980). Understanding and assessing nonverbal expressive-ness: The affective communication test. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 39, 333-351.
8.
Golen, S.P., & Lynch, D.H. (1987). The seriousness of communication barriers in the interviewer-interviewee relationship. Delta Pi Epsilon Journal, 29, 47-55.
9.
Graham, G.H., Unruh, J., & Jennings, P. (1991). The impact of nonverbal communication in organizations: A survey of perceptions. Journal of Business Communication , 1, 45-62.
10.
Hudson Institute. (1987). Workforce 2000: Work and workers for the 21st century. Indianapolis, IN: Author.
11.
Hull, D. (1993). Opening minds, opening doors: The rebirth of American education. Waco, TX: Cord Communications.
12.
Mehrabian, A. (1971). Silent messages. Belmont, CA: Wadsworth.
13.
Miller, P.W. (1988). Nonverbal communication: What research says to the teacher. Reston, VA: National Education Association. (ERIC Document Reproduction Service No. ED?20293 190)
14.
Parnell, D. (1986). The neglected majority. Washington, DC: The Community College Press.
15.
Smith, H.A. (1979). Nonverbal communication in teaching. Review of Educational Research, 49, 631-672.
16.
Sussman, L., & Deep, S. (1989). The communication experience in human relations . Cincinnati, OH: South-Western .
17.
Turner, R.M., & Lawler, W.C. (1993, September). Relevancy: The Babson approach. New Accountant, 6, 35-36.
18.
Wirth, A.G. (1992). Education and the world of work for the year 2000: Choices we face. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass.
19.
Zhao, J.J., & Ober, S. (1991). Communication skills needed by U.S. international business persons. Delta Pi Epsilon Journal , 33, 52-60. ?
