Deaths in Custody and following Release

Anderson R. E. , Geier T. J. , & Cahill S. P. (2016). Epidemiological associations between posttraumatic stress disorder and incarceration in the National Survey of American Life. Crim Behav Ment Health, 26(2), 110–123. doi:10.1002/cbm.1951.

Andrews J. & Kinner S.A. (2012). Understanding drug-related mortality in released prisoners: A review of national coronial records. BMC Public Health, 12, 270. doi: 10.1186/1471-2458-12-270.

AIHW. (2015). The health of Australia's prisoners 2015 (Contract No.: Cat. No. PHE 207). Canberra: Australian Institute of Health and Welfare. Retreived from http://www.aihw.gov.au/publication-detail/?id=60129553527.

Baillargeon J. , Giordano T. P. , Rich J. D. , Wu Z. H. , Wells K. , Pollock B. H. , & Paar D. P. (2009). Accessing antiretroviral therapy following release from prison. JAMA, 301(8), 848–857. doi:10.1001/jama.2009.202.

Banks D. & Planty M. (2015). Assessment of Coverage in the Arrest-Related Deaths Program (Report No. NCJ 249099). Washington D.C.: Department of Justice, Office of Justice Programs, Bureau of Justice Statistics.

Banks D. & Planty M. (2016). Arrest-Related Deaths Program Redesign Study, 2015–16: Preliminary Findings (Report No. NCJ 250112). Washington D.C.: Department of Justice, Office of Justice Programs, Bureau of Justice Statistics.

Barber C. , Azrael D. , Cohen A. , Miller M. , Thymes D. , Wang D. E. , & Hemenway D. (2016). Homicides by Police: Comparing Counts From the National Violent Death Reporting System, Vital Statistics, and Supplementary Homicide Reports. Am J Public Health, 106(5), 922–927. doi:10.2105/AJPH.2016.303074.

Barker E. , Kolves K. , & De Leo D. (2014). Management of suicidal and self-harming behaviors in prisons: systematic literature review of evidence-based activities. Arch Suicide Res, 18(3), 227–240. doi:10.1080/13811118.2013.824830.

Beck A.J. (2015). Use of restrictive housing in US prisons and jails, 2011–12 (Report No. NCJ 249209). Washington DC: Department of Justice, Office of Justice Programs, Bureau of Justice Statistics.

Binswanger I. A. , Blatchford P. J. , Forsyth S. J. , Stern M. F. , & Kinner S. A. (2016). Epidemiology of Infectious Disease-Related Death After Release from Prison, Washington State, United States, and Queensland, Australia: A Cohort Study. Public Health Rep, 131(4), 574–582.

Binswanger I. A. , Blatchford P. J. , Lindsay R. G. , & Stern M. F. (2011). Risk factors for all-cause, overdose and early deaths after release from prison in Washington state. Drug Alcohol Depend, 117(1), 1–6. doi:10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2010.11.029.

Binswanger I. A. , Blatchford P. J. , Mueller S. R. , & Stern M. F. (2013). Mortality after prison release: opioid overdose and other causes of death, risk factors, and time trends from 1999 to 2009. Ann Intern Med, 159(9), 592–600. doi:10.7326/0003-4819-159-9-201311050-00005.

Binswanger I. A. , Carson E. A. , Krueger P. M. , Mueller S. R. , Steiner J. F. , & Sabol W. J. (2014). Prison tobacco control policies and deaths from smoking in United States prisons: population based retrospective analysis. BMJ, 349, g4542. doi:10.1136/bmj.g4542.

Binswanger I. A. , Krueger P. M. , & Steiner J. F. (2009). Prevalence of chronic medical conditions among jail and prison inmates in the USA compared with the general population. J Epidemiol Community Health, 63(11), 912–919. doi:10.1136/jech.2009.090662.

Binswanger I. A. , Nowels C. , Corsi K. F. , Glanz J. , Long J. , Booth R. E. , & Steiner J. F. (2012). Return to drug use and overdose after release from prison: a qualitative study of risk and protective factors. Addict Sci Clin Pract, 7, 3. doi:10.1186/1940-0640-7–3.

Binswanger I. A. , Nowels C. , Corsi K. F. , Long J. , Booth R. E. , Kutner J. , & Steiner J. F. (2011). “From the prison door right to the sidewalk, everything went downhill,” a qualitative study of the health experiences of recently released inmates. Int J Law Psychiatry, 34(4), 249–255. doi:10.1016/j.ijlp.2011.07.002.

Binswanger I. A. , Stern M. F. , Deyo R. A. , Heagerty P. J. , Cheadle A. , Elmore J. G. , & Koepsell T. D. (2007). Release from prison–a high risk of death for former inmates. N Engl J Med, 356(2), 157–165. doi:10.1056/NEJMsa064115.

Binswanger I. A. , Stern M. F. , Yamashita T. E. , Mueller S. R. , Baggett T. P. , & Blatchford P. J. (2016). Clinical risk factors for death after release from prison in Washington State: a nested case-control study. Addiction, 111(3), 499–510. doi:10.1111/add.13200.

Bird S. M. , & Hutchinson S. J. (2003). Male drugs-related deaths in the fortnight after release from prison: Scotland, 1996–99. Addiction, 98(2), 185–190.

Bird S.M. , McAuley A. , Perry S. , & Hunter C. (2016). Effectiveness of Scotland's National Naloxone Programme for reducing opioid-related deaths: a before (2006–10) versus after (2011–13) comparison. Addiction, 111(5), 883–91. doi: 10.1111/add.13265.

Booker C. A. , Flygare C. T. , Solomon L. , Ball S. W. , Pustell M. R. , Bazerman L. B. , … EnhanceLink Study G. (2013). Linkage to HIV care for jail detainees: findings from detention to the first 30 days after release. AIDS Behav, 17 Suppl 2, S128–136. doi:10.1007/s10461-012-0354-3.

Borschmann R. , Thomas E. , Moran P. , Carroll M. , Heffernan E. , Spittal M.J. , …, Kinner S.A. (2017). Self harm following release from prison: A prospective data linkage study. Aust N Z J Psychiatry, 51(3), 250–59. doi: 10.1177/0004867416640090.

Brinkley-Rubinstein L. (2013). Incarceration as a catalyst for worsening health. Health & Justice, 1, 3. doi:10.1186/2194-7899-1-3.

Bruce R. D. , & Schleifer R. A. (2008). Ethical and human rights imperatives to ensure medication-assisted treatment for opioid dependence in prisons and pre-trial detention. Int J Drug Policy, 19(1), 17–23. doi:10.1016/j.drugpo.2007.11.019.

Burch A. (2011). Arrest-Related Deaths, 2003–2009 -Statistical Tables (Report No. NCJ 235385). Washington D.C.: Department of Justice, Office of Justice Programs, Bureau of Justice Statistics.

Carson E.A. & Anderson E. (2016). Prisoners in 2015 (Report No. NCJ 250229). Washington D.C.: Department of Justice, Office of Justice Programs, Bureau of Justice Statistics.

CASA. (2010). Behind Bars II: Substance Abuse and America's Prison Population. New York: The National Center on Addiction and Substance Abuse at Columbia University. Retreived from http://www.centeronaddiction.org/download/file/fid/487.

Chandler R. K. , Fletcher B. W. , & Volkow N. D. (2009). Treating drug abuse and addiction in the criminal justice system: improving public health and safety. JAMA, 301(2), 183–190. doi:10.1001/jama.2008.976.

Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality. (2015). Behavioral health trends in the United States: Results from the 2014 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (HHS Publication No. SMA 15-4927, NSDUH Series H-50). Retrieved from http://www.samhsa.gov/data/.

Chari K.A. , Simon A.E. , DeFrances C.J , & Maruschak L. (2016). National Survey of Prison Health Care: Selected Findings (National Health Statistics Report, no. 96). Hyattsville, MD: National Center for Health Statistics.

Childs R. (2016). Law enforcement and naloxone utilization in the United States [Presentation]. Retreived from https://www.fda.gov/downloads/drugs/newsevents/ucm454810.pdf.

De Andrade D , Kinner SA. (2016). A Systematic Review of Health and Behavioural Outcomes of Smoking Cessation Interventions in Prisons. Tob Control. [epub] doi: 10.1136/tobaccocontrol-2016-053297.

Degenhardt L. , Larney S. , Kimber J. , Gisev N. , Farrell M. , Dobbins T. , … Burns L. (2014). The impact of opioid substitution therapy on mortality post-release from prison: retrospective data linkage study. Addiction, 109(8), 1306–1317. doi:10.1111/add.12536.

Fazel S. , & Baillargeon J. (2011). The health of prisoners. Lancet, 377(9769), 956–965. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(10)61053-7.

Fazel S. , Cartwright J. , Norman-Nott A. , & Hawton K. (2008). Suicide in prisoners: a systematic review of risk factors. J Clin Psychiatry, 69(11), 1721–1731.

Federal Bureau of Investigations. (2015). Crime in the United States in 2015: estimated number of arrests [Data Table]. Retrieved from https://ucr.fbi.gov/crime-in-the-u.s/2015/crime-in-the-u.s.-2015/tables/table-29.

Fiscella K. , Pless N. , Meldrum S. , & Fiscella P. (2004). Alcohol and opiate withdrawal in US jails. Am J Public Health, 94(9), 1522–1524.

Fox A. D. , Anderson M. R. , Bartlett G. , Valverde J. , MacDonald R. F. , Shapiro L. I. , & Cunningham C. O. (2014a). A description of an urban transitions clinic serving formerly incarcerated people. J Health Care Poor Underserved, 25(1), 376–382. doi:10.1353/hpu.2014.0039.

Fox A. D. , Anderson M. R. , Bartlett G. , Valverde J. , Starrels J. L. , & Cunningham C. O. (2014b). Health outcomes and retention in care following release from prison for patient of an urban post- incarceration transitions clinic. J Health Care Poor Underserved, 25(3), 1139–1152. doi:10.1353/hpu.2014.0139.

Fox A. D. , Maradiaga J. , Weiss L. , Sanchez J. , Starrels J. L. , & Cunningham C. O. (2015). Release from incarceration, relapse to opioid use and the potential for buprenorphine maintenance treatment: a qualitative study of the perceptions of former inmates with opioid use disorder. Addict Sci Clin Pract, 10, 2. doi:10.1186/s13722-014-0023-0.

Frank J. W. , Wang E. A. , Nunez-Smith M. , Lee H. , & Comfort M. (2014). Discrimination based on criminal record and healthcare utilization among men recently released from prison: a descriptive study. Health Justice, 2, 6. doi:10.1186/2194-7899-2–6.

Geller A. , & Curtis M. A. (2011). A Sort of Homecoming: Incarceration and the housing security of urban men. Soc Sci Res, 40(4), 1196–1213. Ddoi:10.1016/j.ssresearch.2011.03.008.

Glowa-Kollisch S. , Kaba F. , Waters A. , Leung Y. J. , Ford E. , & Venters H. (2016). From Punishment to Treatment: The “Clinical Alternative to Punitive Segregation” (CAPS) Program in New York City Jails. Int J Environ Res Public Health, 13(2), 182. doi:10.3390/ijerph13020182.

Gordon M. S. , Kinlock T. W. , Schwartz R. P. , Fitzgerald T. T. , O'Grady K. E. , & Vocci F. J. (2014). A randomized controlled trial of prison-initiated buprenorphine: prison outcomes and community treatment entry. Drug Alcohol Depend, 142, 33–40. doi:10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2014.05.011.

Gordon M. S. , Kinlock T. W. , Schwartz R. P. , & O'Grady K. E. (2008). A randomized clinical trial of methadone maintenance for prisoners: findings at 6 months post-release. Addiction, 103(8), 1333–1342. doi:10.1111/j.1360-0443.2008.002238.x.

Hawks L. , Norton B. L. , Cunningham C. O. , & Fox A. D. (2016). The Hepatitis C virus treatment cascade at an urban postincarceration transitions clinic. J Viral Hepat, 23(6), 473–478. doi:10.1111/jvh.12512.

He T. , Li K. , Roberts M. S. , Spaulding A. C. , Ayer T. , Grefenstette J. J. , & Chhatwal J. (2016). Prevention of Hepatitis C by Screening and Treatment in U.S. Prisons. Ann Intern Med, 164(2), 84–92. doi:10.7326/M15-0617.

Ho J. D. , Heegaard W. G. , Dawes D. M. , Natarajan S. , Reardon R. F. , & Miner J. R. (2009). Unexpected arrest-related deaths in america: 12 months of open source surveillance. West J Emerg Med, 10(2), 68–73.

Hughes T & Wilson D.J. (2004). Reentry Trends in the U.S [Website]. Retrieved from https://www.bjs.gov/content/reentry/reentry.cfm.

Kaba F. , Lewis A. , Glowa-Kollisch S. , Hadler J. , Lee D. , Alper H. , … Venters H. (2014). Solitary confinement and risk of self-harm among jail inmates. Am J Public Health, 104(3), 442–447. doi:10.2105/AJPH.2013.301742.

Kaeble D & Bonczar T.P. (2016). Probation and Parole in the United States, 2015 (Report No. NCJ 250230). Washington D.C.: Department of Justice, Office of Justice Programs, Bureau of Justice Statistics.

Kariminia A. , Butler T. , Corben S. , Levy M. , Grant L. , Kaldor J. , & Law M. (2007). Extreme cause-specific mortality in a cohort of adult prisoners–1988 to 2002: a data-linkage study. Int J Epidemiol, 36(2), 310–316. doi:10.1093/ije/dyl225.

Kariminia A. , Law M. G. , Butler T. G. , Corben S. P. , Levy M. H. , Kaldor J. M. , & Grant L. (2007). Factors associated with mortality in a cohort of Australian prisoners. Eur J Epidemiol, 22(7), 417–428. doi:10.1007/s10654-007-9134-1.

Kariminia A. , Law M. G. , Butler T. G. , Levy M. H. , Corben S. P. , Kaldor J. M. , & Grant L. (2007). Suicide risk among recently released prisoners in New South Wales, Australia. Med J Aust, 187(7), 387–390.

Kinner S.A. (2010). Understanding mortality and health outcomes for ex-prisoners: First steps on a long road. Addiction. 2010;105(9),1555–6.

Kinner S. A & Binswanger I. A. (2014). Mortality after release from prison. In Bruinsma G. & Weisburd D. (Ed.), Encyclopedia of Criminology and Criminal Justice. doi: 10.1007/978-1-4614-5690-2_332.

Kinner S.A. , Degenhardt L. , Coffey C. , Hearps S. , Spittal M. , Sawyer S. , Patton G.C. (2015) Substance use and risk of death in young offenders: A prospective data linkage study. Drug Alcohol Rev, 34(1), 46–50. doi: 10.1111/dar.12179.

Kinner S.A. , Forsyth S. (2016). Development and validation of a national system for routinemonitoring of mortality in people recently released from prison. PLOS ONE. 11(6):e0157328.

Kinner S.A. , Forsyth S. , & Williams G.M. (2013). Systematic review of record linkage studies of mortality in ex-prisoners: Why (good) methods matter. Addiction, 108(1), 38–49. doi: 10.1111/add.12010.

Krinsky C. S. , Lathrop S. L. , Brown P. , & Nolte K. B. (2009). Drugs, detention, and death: a study of the mortality of recently released prisoners. Am J Forensic Med Pathol, 30(1), 6–9. doi:10.1097/PAF.0b013e3181873784.

Larney S. , & Dolan K. (2009). A literature review of international implementation of opioid substitution treatment in prisons: equivalence of care? Eur Addict Res, 15(2), 107–112. doi:10.1159/000199046.

Lee J. D. , McDonald R. , Grossman E. , McNeely J. , Laska E. , Rotrosen J. , & Gourevitch M. N. (2015). Opioid treatment at release from jail using extended-release naltrexone: a pilot proof-of-concept randomized effectiveness trial. Addiction, 110(6), 1008–1014. doi:10.1111/add.12894.

Lim S. , Seligson A. L. , Parvez F. M. , Luther C. W. , Mavinkurve M. P. , Binswanger I. A. , & Kerker B. D. (2012). Risks of drug-related death, suicide, and homicide during the immediate post-release period among people released from New York City jails, 2001–2005. Am J Epidemiol, 175(6), 519–526. doi:10.1093/aje/kwr327.

Lincoln T. , Tuthill R. W. , Roberts C. A. , Kennedy S. , Hammett T. M. , Langmore-Avila E. , & Conklin T. J. (2009). Resumption of smoking after release from a tobacco-free correctional facility. J Correct Health Care, 15(3), 190–196. doi:10.1177/1078345809333388.

Marsden J. , Stillwell G. , Jones H. , Cooper A. , Eastwood B. , Farrell M. , … Hickman M. (2017). Does exposure to opioid substitution treatment in prison reduce the risk of death after release? A national prospective observational study in England. Addiction. doi:10.1111/add.13779.

Martin S.S. , Butzin C.A. , Saum C.A. , & Inciardi J.A. (1999). Three-Year Outcomes of Therapeutic Community Treatment for Drug-Involved Offenders in Delaware: From Prison to Work Release to Aftercare. The Prison Journal, 79(3), 294–320.

Maruschak L.M. , Berzofsky M. , & Unangst J. (2015). Medical Problems of State and Federal Prisoners and Jail Inmates, 2011–12 (Report No. NCJ 248491). Washington D.C.: Department of Justice, Office of Justice Programs, Bureau of Justice Statistics.

Merrall E. L. , Kariminia A. , Binswanger I. A. , Hobbs M. S. , Farrell M. , Marsden J. , … Bird S. M. , (2010). Meta-analysis of drug-related deaths soon after release from prison. Addiction, 105(9), 1545–1554. doi:10.1111/j.1360-0443.2010.02990.x.

Meyer J. P. , Cepeda J. , Wu J. , Trestman R. L. , Altice F. L. , & Springer S. A. (2014). Optimization of human immunodeficiency virus treatment during incarceration: viral suppression at the prison gate. JAMA Intern Med, 174(5), 721–729. doi:10.1001/jamainternmed.2014.601.

Minton T.D. & Zeng Z. (2016). Jail inmates in 2015 (Report No. NCJ 250394). Washington D.C.: Department of Justice, Office of Justice Programs, Bureau of Justice Statistics.

Mumola C.J. & Karberg J.C. (2006). Drug Use and Dependence, State and Federal Prisoners, 2004 (Report No. NCJ 213530). Washington D.C.: Department of Justice, Office of Justice Programs, Bureau of Justice Statistics.

Mumola C.J. (2007). Medical causes of death in state prisons, 2001–2004 (Report No. NCJ 216340). Washington D.C.: Department of Justice, Office of Justice Programs, Bureau of Justice Statistics.

Noonan M. (2010). Mortality in local jails, 2000–2007 (Report No. NCJ 222988). Washington D.C.: Department of Justice, Office of Justice Programs, Bureau of Justice Statistics.

Noonan M. , Rohloff H. , & Ginder S. (2015). Mortality in Local Jails and State Prisons, 2000–2013 - Statistical Tab (Report No. NCJ 248756). Washington D.C.: Department of Justice, Office of Justice Programs, Bureau of Justice Statistics.

Noonan M.E. (2016a). Mortality in State Prisons, 2001–2014 – Statistical Tables (Report No. NCJ 250150). Washington D.C.: Department of Justice, Office of Justice Programs, Bureau of Justice Statistics.

Noonan M.E. (2016b). Mortality in Local Jails, 2001–2014 – Statistical Tables (Report No. NCJ 250169). Washington D.C.: Department of Justice, Office of Justice Programs, Bureau of Justice Statistics.

Nunn A. , Zaller N. , Dickman S. , Trimbur C. , Nijhawan A. , & Rich J. D. (2009). Methadone and buprenorphine prescribing and referral practices in US prison systems: results from a nationwide survey. Drug Alcohol Depend, 105(1–2), 83–88. doi:10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2009.06.015.

Nurco D. N. , Hanlon T. E. , Bateman R. W. , & Kinlock T. W. (1995). Drug abuse treatment in the context of correctional surveillance. J Subst Abuse Treat, 12(1), 19–27.

Patterson E. J. (2010). Incarcerating death: mortality in U.S. state correctional facilities, 1985–1998. Demography, 47(3), 587–607.

Patterson E. J. (2013). The dose-response of time served in prison on mortality: New York State, 1989–2003. Am J Public Health, 103(3), 523–528. doi:10.2105/AJPH.2012.301148.

Pratt D. , Piper M. , Appleby L. , Webb R. , & Shaw J. (2006). Suicide in recently released prisoners: a population-based cohort study. Lancet, 368(9530), 119–123. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(06)69002-8.

Pritchard C. , Cox M. , & Dawson A. (1997). Suicide and ‘violent’ death in a six-year cohort of male probationers compared with pattern of mortality in the general population: evidence of accumulative socio-psychiatric vulnerability. J R Soc Health, 117(3), 180–185.

Reingle Gonzalez J. M. , & Connell N. M. (2014). Mental health of prisoners: identifying barriers to mental health treatment and medication continuity. Am J Public Health, 104(12), 2328–2333. doi:10.2105/AJPH.2014.302043.

Rosen D. L. , Schoenbach V. J. , & Wohl D. A. (2008). All- cause and cause-specific mortality among men released from state prison, 1980–2005. Am J Public Health, 98(12), 2278–2284. doi:10.2105/AJPH.2007.121855.

Rosen D. L. , Wohl D. A. , & Schoenbach V. J. (2011). All-cause and cause-specific mortality among black and white North Carolina state prisoners, 1995–2005. Ann Epidemiol, 21(10), 719–726. doi:10.1016/j.annepidem.2011.04.007.

Schwirtz M. (2015, January 3). Rikers inmate found death despite suicide-watch alert. New York Times, p. A13. Retrieved at https://www.nytimes.com/2015/01/03/nyregion/rikers-inmate-found-dead-after-threatening-to-harm-himself.html?_r=0.

Seaman S. R. , Brettle R. P. , & Gore S. M. (1998). Mortality from overdose among injecting drug users recently released from prison: database linkage study. BMJ, 316(7129), 426–428.

Seymour A. , Oliver J. S. , & Black M. (2000). Drug-related deaths among recently released prisoners in the Strathclyde Region of Scotland. J Forensic Sci, 45(3), 649–654.

Spaulding A. C. , Seals R. M. , McCallum V. A. , Perez S. D. , Brzozowski A. K. , & Steenland N. K. (2011). Prisoner survival inside and outside of the institution: implications for health-care planning. Am J Epidemiol, 173(5), 479–487. doi:10.1093/aje/kwq422.

Spittal M.J. , Forsyth S. , Pirkis J. , Alati R. , Kinner S.A. (2014). Suicide in adults released from prison in Queensland, Australia: a cohort study. J Epidemiol Community Health, 68(10):993–8. doi: 10.1136/jech-2014-204295.

Springer S. A. , Pesanti E. , Hodges J. , Macura T. , Doros G. , & Altice F. L. (2004). Effectiveness of antiretroviral therapy among HIV-infected prisoners: reincarceration and the lack of sustained benefit after release to the community. Clin Infect Dis, 38(12), 1754–1760. doi:10.1086/421392.

Strang J. , McCambridge J. , Best D. , Beswick T. , Bearn J. , Rees S. , & Gossop M. (2003). Loss of tolerance and overdose mortality after inpatient opiate detoxification: follow up study. BMJ, 326(7396), 959–960. doi:10.1136/bmj.326.7396.959.

Teixeira P. A. , Jordan A. O. , Zaller N. , Shah D. , & Venters H. (2015). Health outcomes for HIV-infected persons released from the New York City jail system with a transitional care-coordination plan. Am J Public Health, 105(2), 351–357. doi:10.2105/AJPH.2014.302234.

Teplin L.A. , Jakubowski J.A. , Abram K.M. , Olson N.D. , Stokes M.L. , Welty L.J. (2014). Firearm Homicide and Other Causes of Death in Delinquents: A 16–Year Prospective Study. Pediatrics, 134(1):63–73. doi: 10.1542/peds.2013–3966.

Thomas E. H. , Wang E. A. , Curry L. A. , & Chen P. G. (2016). Patients' experiences managing cardiovascular disease and risk factors in prison. Health Justice, 4, 4. doi:10.1186/s40352-016-0035-9.

van Olphen J. , Freudenberg N. , Fortin P. , & Galea S. (2006). Community reentry: perceptions of people with substance use problems returning home from New York City jails. Journal of Urban Health, 83(3), 372–381. doi:10.1007/s11524-006-9047-4.

Verger P. , Rotily M. , Prudhomme J. , & Bird S. (2003). High mortality rates among inmatesduring the year following their discharge from a French prison. J Forensic Sci, 48(3), 614–616.

Wakeman S. E. , Bowman S. E. , McKenzie M. , Jeronimo A. , & Rich J. D. (2009). Preventing death among the recently incarcerated: an argument for naloxone prescription before release. J Addict Dis, 28(2), 124–129. doi:10.1080/10550880902772423.

Wakeman S. E. , McKinney M. E. , & Rich J. D. (2009). Filling the gap: the importance of Medicaid continuity for former inmates. J Gen Intern Med, 24(7), 860–862. doi:10.1007/s11606-009-0977-x.

Wakeman S. E. , & Rich J. D. (2015). Addiction Treatment Within U.S. Correctional Facilities: Bridging the Gap Between Current Practice and Evidence-Based Care. J Addict Dis, 34(2–3), 220–225. doi:10.1080/10550887.2015.1059217.

Wang E. A. , Hong C. S. , Samuels L. , Shavit S. , Sanders R. , & Kushel M. (2010). Transitions clinic: creating a community-based model of health care for recently released California prisoners. Public Health Rep, 125(2), 171–177.

Wang E. A. , Hong C. S. , Shavit S. , Sanders R. , Kessell E. , & Kushel M. B. (2012). Engaging individuals recently released from prison into primary care: a randomized trial. Am J Public Health, 102(9), e22–29. doi:10.2105/AJPH.2012.300894.

Wang E. A. , Pletcher M. , Lin F. , Vittinghoff E. , Kertesz S. G. , Kiefe C. I. , & Bibbins-Domingo K. (2009). Incarceration, incident hypertension, and access to health care: findings from the coronary artery risk development in young adults (CARDIA) study. Arch Intern Med, 169(7), 687–693. doi:10.1001/archinternmed.2009.26.

Wang E. A. , White M. C. , Jamison R. , Goldenson J. , Estes M. , & Tulsky J. P. (2008). Discharge planning and continuity of health care: findings from the San Francisco County Jail. Am J Public Health, 98(12), 2182–2184. doi:10.2105/AJPH.2007.119669.

Wessler S.F. (2016, January 28). ‘This man will almost certainly die’ The Nation. Retrieved from: https://www.thenation.com/article/privatized-immigrant-prison-deaths/.

WHO. (2014). Preventing overdose deaths in the criminal justice system. Geneva: World Health Organization. Retrieved from http://www.euro.who.int/__data/assets/pdf_file/0020/114914/Preventing-overdose-deaths-in-the-criminal-justice-system.pdf.

Wilper A. P. , Woolhandler S. , Boyd J. W. , Lasser K. E. , McCormick D. , Bor D. H. , & Himmelstein D. U. (2009). The health and health care of US prisoners: results of a nationwide survey. Am J Public Health, 99(4), 666–672. doi:10.2105/AJPH.2008.144279.

Zakaria S. , Johnson E. N. , Hayashi J. L. , & Christmas C. (2015). Graduate Medical Education in the Freddie Gray Era. N Engl J Med, 373(21), 1998–2000. doi:10.1056/NEJMp1509216.

Zaller N. D. , Holmes L. , Dyl A. C. , Mitty J. A. , Beckwith C. G. , Flanigan T. P. , & Rich J. D. (2008). Linkage to treatment and supportive services among HIV-positive ex-offenders in Project Bridge. J Health Care Poor Underserved, 19(2), 522–531. doi:10.1353/hpu.0.0030.

Zeng Z. , Binswanger I. , Blatchford P. , & Smiley-McDonald H. (2016). Assessing inmate cause of death: deaths in custody reporting program and national death index (Report No. NCJ 249568). Washington D.C.: Department of Justice, Office of Justice Programs, Bureau of Justice Statistics.

Zucker H. , Annucci A. J. , Stancliff S. , & Catania H. (2015). Overdose prevention for prisoners in New York: a novel program and collaboration. Harm Reduct J, 12, 51. doi:10.1186/s12954-015-0084-8.