Research attempting to distinguish various types of sexual offenders in terms of their responses on the MMPI are reviewed. The results generally display inconsistency across studies, but two common features that emerge are heterogeneity of responses among each type of sexual offender and considerable overlap in response profiles between sexual offenders and other subjects. It is concluded that these results deny the value of using the MMPI to assist courts in the determination of the guilt or innocence of a person accused of committing a sexual offense.
Anderson, W.P., Kunce, J.T., & Rich, B. (1979). Sex offenders: Three personality types. Joumal of Clinical Psychology, 35, 671-676.
2.
Armentrout, J.A. & Hauer, A.L. (1978). MMPI's of rapists of adults, rapists of children, and non-rapist sex offenders. Joumal of Clinical Psychology , 34, 330-332.
3.
Barbaree, H.E., & Marshall, W.L. (1988). Deviant sexual arousal, offense history, and demographic variables as predictors of reoffense among child molesters. Behavioral Sciences and the Law, 6, 267-280.
4.
Barbaree, H.E., & Marshall, W.L. (1989). Erectile responses amongst child molesters, father-daughter incest offenders and matched nonoffenders: Five distinct age preference profiles. Canadian Joumal of Behavioral Science, 21, 70-82.
5.
Bradford, J.M.W., Bloomberg, D., & Bourget, D. (1988). The heterogeneity/homogeneity of pedophilia. Psychiatric Journal of the University of Ottawa, 13, 217-226.
6.
Butcher, J.N., & Tellegen, A. (1978). Common methodological problems in MMPI research . Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 46, 620-628.
7.
Butcher, J.N., Dahlstrom, W.G., Graham, J.R., Tellegen, A., & Kasmmer, B. (1989). Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory-2 (MMPI-2): Manual for administration and scoring. Minneapolis : University of Minnesota Press.
8.
Erickson, W.D., Luxenberg, M.G., Walbek, N.H., & Seely, R.K. (1987). Frequency of MMPI two-point code types among sex offenders. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 55, 566-570.
9.
Freund, K., Watson, R., & Dickey, R. (1991). Sex offenses against female children perpetrated by men who are not pedophiles. Journal of Sex Research, 28, 409-423.
10.
Graham, J.R. (1990) MMPI-2: Assessing personality and psychopathology . New York: Oxford University Press .
11.
Graham, J.R. (1993). MMPI-2 Assessing personality and psychopathology (2nd ed.). New York: Oxford University Press.
12.
Grossman, L.S., Haywood, T.W., & Wasyliw, O.E. (1992). The evaluation of truthfulness in alleged sex offenders' self-reports: 16 PF and MMPI validity scales. Journal of Personality Assessment, 59, 264-275.
13.
Hall, G.C.N. (19889). WAIS-Rs and MMPIs of men who have sexually assaulted children: Evidence of limited utility. Joumal of Personality Assessment, 53, 404-412.
14.
Hall, G.C.N. (1990). Prediction of sexual aggression. Clinical Psychology Review, 10, 229-245.
15.
Hall, G.C.N., Maiuro, R.D., Vitaliano, P.P., & Proctor, W.C. (1986). The utility of the MMPI with men who have sexually assaulted children. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology , 54, 493-496.
16.
Hall, G.C.N., Graham, J.R., & Shepherd, J.B. (1991). Three methods of developing MMPI taxonomies of sexual offenders. Journal of Personality Assessment, 56, 2-13.
17.
Hall, G.C.N., Shepherd, J.B., & Mudrak, P. (1992). MMPI taxonomies of child sexual and nonsexual offenders: Cross-validation and extension. Journal of Personality Assessment, 58, 127-137.
18.
Hartman, B.J. (1967). Comparison of selected experimental MMPI profiles of sexual deviates and sociopaths without sexual deviation. Psychological Reports, 20, 234.
19.
Haywood, T.W.,. & Grossman, L.S. (1992). Denial of deviant sexual arousal and psychopathology in alleged child molesters. Paper presented at the 100th Annual Meeting of the American Psychological Association, Washington, DC, Aug.
20.
Haywood, T.W., Grossman, L.S., & hardy, D.W. (1993). Denial and social desirability in clinical evaluations of alleged sex offenders. Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease , 181, 183-188.
21.
Helmes, E., & Reddon, J.R. (1993). A perspective on developments in assessing psychopathology: A critical review of the MMPI and MMPI-2. Psychological Bulletin , 113, 453-471.
22.
Kalichman, S.C. (1990). Affective and personality characteristics of replicated MMPI profile subgroups of incarcerated adult rapists. Archives of Sexual Behavior, 19, 443-459.
23.
Kalichman, S.C. (1991). Psychopathology and personality characteristics of criminal sexual offenders as a function of victim age. Archives of Sexual Behavior, 20, 187-197.
24.
Karacan, I., Williams, R.L., Guerrero, M.W., Scales, P.J., Thornby, J.L., & Hursch, C.J. (1974). Nocturnal penile tumescence and sleep of convicted rapists and other prisoners. Archives of Sexual Behavior, 3, 19-26.
25.
Langevin, R. (1983). Sexual standards: Understanding and treating sexual anomalies in men. Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.
26.
Langevin, R. (1988). Defensiveness in sex offenders. In R. Roberts (Ed.), Clinical assessment of malingering and deception (pp. 269-290). New York: Guilford Press.
27.
Langevin, R., Paitich, D., & Russon, A.E. (1985). Are rapists sexually anomalous, aggressive, or both? In R. Langevin (Ed.), Erotic preference, gender identity, and aggression in men: New research studies (pp. 17-38). Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.
28.
Langevin, R.Ben-Aron, M.H., Wright P., Marchese, V., & Handy, L. (1988). The sex killer. Annals of Sex Research, 1, 263-301.
29.
Langevin, R., Wright, P., & Handy, L. (1990a). Use of the MMPI and its derived scales with sex offenders II. Reliability and criterion validity. Annals of Sex Research, 3, 453-486.
30.
Langevin, R., Wright, P., & Handy, L. (1990b). Use of the MMPI and its derived scales with sex offenders. I. Reliability and validity studies. Annals of Sex Research, 3, 245-291.
31.
Lanyon, R.I. (1993). Validity of MMPI sex offender scales with admitters and nonadmitters. Psychological Assessment, 5, 302-306.
32.
Lanyon, R.I., Dannenbaum, S.E., Wolf, L.L., &: Brown, A. (1989). Dimensions of deceptive responding in criminal offenders. Psychological Assessment, 1, 300-304.
33.
Lanyon, R.I., & Lutz, R.W. (1984). MMPI discrimination of defensive and nondefensive felony sex offenders. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology , 52, 841-843.
34.
Levin, S.M., & Stava, L. (1987). Personality characteristics of sex offenders: A review. Archives of Sexual Behavior, 16, 57-79.
35.
Maloney, M.P., & Ward, M.P. (1976). Psychological assessment: A conceptual approach . New York: Oxford University Press .
36.
Marshall, W.L., &: Eccles, A. (1991). Issues in clinical practice with sex offenders , Journal of Interpersonal Violence, 6, 68-93.
37.
Marshall, W.L., & Eccles, A. (1993). The clinical utility of sexual preference testing (manuscript in preparation).
38.
McCreary, C.P. (1975). Personality differences among child molesters . Journal of Personality Assessment, 39, 591-593.
39.
Okami, P., & Goldberg, A. (1992). Personality correlates of pedophiles: Are they reliable indicators. Journal of Sex Research, 39, 297-328.
40.
Panton, J.H. (1958). MMPI configurations among crime classification groups. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 14, 305-308.
41.
Panton, J.H. (1978). Personality differences appearing between rapists of adults, rapists of children and non-violent sexual molesters of female children. Research Communications in Psychology, Psychiatry and Behavior, 3, 385-393.
42.
Panton, J.H. (1979). MMPI profile configurations with incestuous and non-incestuous child molesting. Psychological Reports, 45, 335-338.
43.
Quinsey, V.L., Arnold, L.S., & Pruesse, M.G. (1980). MMPI profiles of men referred for a pretrial psychiatric assessment as a function of offense type. Joumal of Clinical Psychology, 36, 410-417.
44.
Rada, R.T. (1978). Clinical aspects of the rapist. New York: Grune & Stratton.
45.
Rader, C.M. (1977). MMPI profile types of exposers, rapists, and assaulters in a court services population. Joumal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 45, 61-69.
46.
Scott, R.L., & Stone, D.A. (1986). MMPI profile constellations in incest families . Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 54, 364-368.
47.
Serin, R.C., Peters, R. DeV., & Barbaree, H.E. (1990). Predictors of psychopathy and release outcome in a criminal population. Psychological Assessment, 2, 419-422.
48.
Simon, W.T., & Schouten, P.G.W. (1992). problems in sexual preference testing in child sexual abuse cases: A legal and community perspective. Journal of Interpersonal Violence, 7, 503-516.
49.
Velasquez, R.J., Callahan, W.J., & Carrillo, R. (1989). MMPI profiles of Hispanic-American inpatient and outpatient sex offenders. Psychological Reports, 65, 1055-1058.
50.
Zalewski, C.E., & Gottesman, I.I. (1991). (Hu)man versus mean revisited: MMPI group data and psychiatric diagnosis. Joumal of Abnormal Psychology, 100, 562-568.
