Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder Throughout the Lifespan: Diagnosis,Etiology,and Treatment

Abromowicz, M. (1990). Sudden death in children treated with a tricyclic antidepressant. Medical Letters on Drugs and Tberapeutics, 32, 53-53.

American Psychiatric Association . (1994). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (4tb ed.). Washington, D.C.: Author.

Barrickman, L. L. , Perry, P. J. , Allen, A. J. , Kuperman, S. , Arndt, S. V. , Herrmann, K. J. , & Schumacher, E. (1995). Bupropion versus methylphenidate in the treatment of attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 5, 649-657.

Biederman, J. , Faraone, S. V. , Spencer, T. , Wilens, T. , Norman, D. , Lapey, K. A. , Mick, E. , Lehman, B. K. , & Doyle, A. (1993). Patterns of psychiatric comorbidity, cognition, and psychosocial functioning in adults with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. Amercian Journal of Psychiatry, 150, 1792-1798.

Biederman, J. , Newcorn, J. , & Sprich, S. (1991). Comorbidity of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder with conduct, depressive, anxiety, and other disorders. American Journal of Psychiatry, 148, 564-577.

Castellanos, F. X. , Giedd, J. N. , Eckburg, P. , Marsh, W. L. , Vaituzis, A. C. , Kaysen, D. , Hamburger, S. D. , & Rapoport J. L. (1994). Quantitative morphology of the caudate nucleus in attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. American Journal of Psychiatry, 151, 1791-1796.

Connors, C. K. (1969). A teacher rating scale for use in drug studies with children. American Journal of Psychiatry, 126, 884-888.

Ernst, M. , Zametkin, A. J. , Matochik, J. A. , Liebenauer, L. , Fitzgerald, G. A. , & Cohen, R. M. (1994). Effects of intravenous dextroamphetamine on brain metabolism in adults with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Preliminary findings. Psycbopharmacology Bulletin, 30, 219-225.

Glod, C. A. , & Teicher, M. H. (1996). Relationship between early abuse, posttraumatic stress disorder, and activity levels in prepubertal children. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 34, 1384-1393.

Greenberg, L. (1987). An objective measure of methylphenidate response: clinical use of the MCA. Psychopharmacology Bulletin, 23, 279-282.

Hunt, R. D. , Arnsten, A. F. T. , & Asbell, M. D. (1995). An open trial of guanficine in the treatment of attention-deficit hyperativity disorder. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 34, 50-54.

Hunt, R. D. , Minderaa, R. B. , & Cohen, D. J. (1985). Clonidine benefits children with attention deficit disorder and hyperactivity: report of a double-blind placebo-crossover therapeutic trial. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 24, 617-629.

Lou, H. C. , Henriksen, L. , Bruhn, P. , Borner, H. , & Nielson, J. B. (1990). Striatal dysfunction in attention deficit and hyperkinetic disorder. Archives of Neurology, 46, 48-52.

Mannuzza, S. , Klein, R. G. , Bessler, A. , Malloy, P. , & LaPadula, M. (1993). Adult outcome of hyperactive boys. Educational achievement, occupational rank, and psychiatric status. Archives of General Psychiatry, 50, 565-576.

McLeer, S. V. , Callaghan, M. , Henry, D. , & Wallen, J. (1994). Psychiatric disorders in sexually abused children. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 33, 313-319.

Pauls, D. L. (1991). Genetic factors in the expression of attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder. Journal of Child and Adolescent Psychopharmacology, 1, 353-360.

Pelham, W. E. , Greenslade, K. E. , Vodde-Hamilton, M. A. , Murphy, D. A. , Greenstein, J. J. , Gnagy, E. M. , Guthries, K. J. , Hoover, M. D. , & Dahl, R. E. (1990). Relative efficacy of long-acting CNS stimulants on children with attention deficit-hyperactivity disorder: a comparison of standard methlphenidate, sustainedrelease methylphenidate, sustained-release dextroam-phetamine, and pemoline. Pediatrics, 86, 226-237.

Szatmari, P. , Offord, D. R. , & Boyle, M. H. (1989). Ontario child health study: prevalence of attention deficit disorder with hyperactiviy. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 30, 219-230.

Teicher, M. H. , Ito, Y. , Glod, C. A. , & Barber, N. I. (1996). Objective measurement of hyperactivity and attentional problems in ADHD. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psycbiatry, 35, 334-342.

Wender, P. H. , Reimherr, F. W. , & Wood, D. R. (1981). Attention deficit disorder ('minimal brain dysfunction') in adults. Archives of General Psychiatry, 38, 449-456.

Werry, J. S. (1995). Resolved: Cardiac arrhythmias make desipramine an unacceptable choice in children. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 34, 1239-1241.

Wilens, T. E. , Biederman, J. , Mick E. , & Spencer, T. J. (1995). A systematic assessment of tricyclic antidepressants in the treatment of adult attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder. Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease, 183, 48-50.

Zametkin, A. J. , Nordahl, T. E. , Gross, M. , King, A. C. , Semple, W. E. , Rumsey, J. , Hamburger, S. , & Cohen, R. M. (1990). Cerebral glucose metabolism in adults with hyperactivity of childhood onset. New England Journal of Medicine, 323, 1361-1366.