The Effect of Positive Psychotherapy-Based Training on Stigma and Self-Efficacy in Women Receiving Infertility Treatment

Abstract

Background:

Infertility has increased in recent years. Infertility can cause many mental problems. The place of psychoeducation based on positive psychotherapy (PPT) is important in coping with mental problems.

Aims:

The aim of this study is to determine the effect of PPT-based training on stigma and self-efficacy in women receiving infertility treatment.

Methods:

This experimental study with randomized control group was completed with 64 women receiving infertility treatment. While the women in the experimental group received an 8-session PPT-based training, no intervention was applied to those in the control group.

Results:

A statistically significant difference was observed (p= .001) between the stigma and self-efficacy levels of the experimental group after the PPT-based training.

Conclusions:

It was found that the PPT-based training was effective in decreasing stigma level of the women who received infertility treatment and increasing their self-efficacy level.

Keywords

infertility positive psychotherapy stigma self-efficacy nursing

Get full access to this article

View all access options for this article.

References

Arslan-Özkan

İ.

Okumuş

Lash

A. A.

Firat

M. Z

. (2014). Cultural validation of the Turkish version of the Infertility Self-Efficacy Scale-Short form (TISE-SF). Journal of Transcultural Nursing, 25(3), 232–240. https://doi.org/10.1177/1043659613508784

Bayraktar

(2018). The relatıonshıp between socıal gender, culture and vıolence wıth ınfertılıty. Journal of Health Sciences, 27(3), 234–238. https://dergipark.org.tr/tr/pub/eujhs/issue/42158/507700

Belevska

(2015). The ımpact of psycho-education on in vitro fertilisation treatment efficiency. Pril (Makedon Akad Nauk Umet Odd Med Nauki), 36(2), 211–216. https://doi.org/10.1515/prilozi-2015-0069

Çapık

Aksoy

Yılmaz

(2019). Infertility stigma scale: A psychometric study in a Turkish sample. Perspectives in Psychiatric Care, 55(2), 328–335. https://doi.org/10.1111/ppc.12360

Cousineau

T. M.

Green

T. C.

Corsini

E. A.

Barnard

Seibring

A. R.

Domar

A. D.

(2006). Development and validation of the infertility self-efficacy scale. Fertility and Sterility, 85(6), 1684–1696. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fertnstert.2005.10.077

Donkor

E. S.

Naab

Kussiwaah

D. Y.

(2017). I am anxious and desperate: Psychological experiences of women with infertility in The Greater Accra Region, Ghana. Fertility Research and Practice, 3(6), 1–6. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40738-017-0033-1

Durgun-Ozan

Duman

(2018). The relationship between fertility adjustment and self-efficacy of women in the period of infertility treatment. The Journal of Gynecology—Obstetrics and Neonatology, 15(2), 43–46. https://dergipark.org.tr/en/download/article-file/932277

Fang

Kang

Hou

Kong

(2020). The role of gender and self-esteem as moderators of the relationship between stigma and psychological distress among infertile couples. Psychology, Health & Medicine, 26(10), 1181–1194. https://doi.org/10.1080/13548506.2020.1808233

Qin

Cheng

Tang

Cao

Yan

Huang

Yan

Zhu

Lei

(2015). Development and validation of an Infertility Stigma Scale for Chinese women. Journal of Psychosomatic Research, 791(1), 69–75. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpsychores.2014.11.014

10.

Gaimero

Boivin

Dancet

Klerk

Emery

Jones

C. L.

Thorn

Broeck

U. V.

Venetis

Verhaak

C. M.

Wischmann

Vermeulen

(2015). ESHRE guideline: Routine psychosocial care in infertility and medically assisted reproduction-a guide for fertility staff. Human Reproduction, 30(11), 2476–2485. https://doi.org/10.1093/humrep/dev177

11.

Galhardo

Cunha

Pinto-Gouveia

(2013). Mindfulness-based program for infertility: Efficacy study. Fertility and Sterility, 100(4), 1059–1067. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fertnstert.2013.05.036

12.

Ghasemi

M. G.

Kordi

Asgharipour

Esmaeili

Amirian

(2017). The effect of a positive reappraisal coping intervention and problem-solving skills training on coping strategies during waiting period of IUI treatment: An RCT. International Journal of Reproductive BioMedicine, 15(11), 687–696. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5780554/pdf/ijrb-15-687.pdf

13.

Gökler

M. E.

Ünsal

Arslantaş

(2014). The prevalence of ınfertility and loneliness among women aged 18-49 years who are living in Semi-Rural Areas in Western Turkey. International Journal of Fertility and Sterility, 8(2), 155–162. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4107689/

14.

Güleç

(2019). Positive psychotherapy. In Okanlı

(Ed.), Positive empowerment and feeling good (pp. 43–48). Journal and Books. https://www.turkiyeklinikleri.com/article/en-pozitif-psikoterapiler-85324.html

15.

Hess

R. F.

Ross

Gililland

J. L.

Jr. (2018). Infertility, psychological distress, and coping strategies among women in Mali, West Africa: A mixed-methods study. African Journal of Reproductive Health, 22(1), 60–72. https://doi.org/10.29063/ajrh2018/v22i1.6

16.

Höbek-Akarsu

Kızılkaya-Beji

(2019). Spiritual and religious ıssues of stigmatization women with ınfertility: A qualitative study. Journal of Religion & Health, 60(1), 256–267. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10943-019-00884-w

17.

Hosseini

M. S.

Mousavi

Hekmat

Haghighyzadeh

M. H.

Fard

R. J.

Jafari

R. M.

(2020). Effects of a short-term mindfulness-based stress reduction program on the quality of life of women with infertility: A randomized controlled clinical trial. Complementary Therapies in Medicine, 50, Article 102403. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ctim.2020.102403

18.

İlerisoy

(2015). Emotıonal experıences and copıng strategıes of ındıvıduals undergoıng IVF treatment. Istanbul Commerce University Journal of Social Sciences, 14(28), 143–164. https://hdl.handle.net/11467/1363

19.

Inhorn

M. C.

Patrizio

(2015). Infertility around the globe: New thinking on gender, reproductive technologies and global movements in the 21st century. Human Reproduction Update, 21(4), 411–426. https://doi.org/10.1093/humupd/dmv016

20.

Jansen

N. A.

Onge

J. M. S.

(2015). An internet forum analysis of stigma power perceptions among women seeking fertility treatment in the United States. Social Science & Medicine, 147, 184–189. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.socscimed.2015.11.002

21.

Kaya

Oskay

(2019). Stigma, hopelessness and coping experiences of Turkish women with infertility. Journal of Reproductive and Infant Psychology, 38(5), 485–496. https://doi.org/10.1080/02646838.2019.1650904

22.

Keshavarz-Mohammadi

Agha-Bozorgi

Shariat

Hamidi

(2018). The effectiveness of positive psychotherapy on mental endurance, self-compassion and resilience of infertile women. Social Behavior Research & Health, 2(2), 235–244. https://doi.org/10.18502/sbrh.v2i2.285

23.

Khan

A. R.

Iqbal

Afzal

(2019). Impact of ınfertility on mental health of women. The International Journal of Indian Psychology, 7(1), 804–809. https://doi.org/10.25215/0701.089

24.

Koçak

D. Y.

Büyükkayacı-Duman

(2016). Psychological effects of infertility and nursing approach. Turkiye Klinikleri Obstetric—Women’s Health and Diseases Nursing—Special Topics Journal Identity, 2(3), 7–13. https://www.turkiyeklinikleri.com/article/en-infertilitenin-psikolojik-etkileri-ve-hemsirelik-yaklasimi-77116.html

25.

Luo

Long

(2019). Mindfulness and fertility quality of life in Chinese women with infertility: Assessing the mediating roles of acceptance, autonomy and self-regulation. Journal of Reproductıve and Infant Psychology, 37(5), 455–467. https://doi.org/10.1080/02646838.2019.1577958

26.

Maslow

A. H.

(1968). Toward a psychology of being (2nd ed.). Van Nostrand Reinhold.

27.

Mete

Fata

Tokat-Aluş

(2020). Feelings, opinions and experiences of Turkish women with infertility: A qualitative study. Health Informatics Journal, 26(1), 528–538. https://doi.org/10.1177/1460458219839628

28.

Naab

Lawali

Donkor

E. S.

(2019). “My mother in-law forced my husband to divorce me”: Experiences of women with infertility in Zamfara State of Nigeria. PLOS ONE, 14(12), Article e0225149. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0225149

29.

Okanlı

Kavak

(2019). Positive strength in psychiatric nursing. In Okanlı

(Ed.), Positive empowerment and feeling good (pp. 1–5). Journal and Books. https://www.turkiyeklinikleri.com/article/en-psikiyatri-hemsireliginde-pozitif-guclenme-85316.html

30.

Pasha

Faramarzi

Esmailzadeh

Kheirkhah

Salmalian

(2013). Comparison of pharmacological and nonpharmacological treatment strategies in promotion of infertility self-efficacy scale in infertile women: A randomized controlled trial. Iranian Journal of Reproductive Medicine, 11(6), 495–502. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3941311

31.

Patel

Sharma

Kumar

(2018). Role of mental health practitioner in infertility clinics: A review on past, present and future directions. Journal of Human Reproductive Sciences, 11(3), 219–228. https://doi.org/10.4103/jhrs.JHRS_41_18

32.

Peseschkian

ve Tritt

(1998). Positive psychotherapy: Effectiveness study and quality assurance. The European Journal of Psychotherapy Counselling Health, 1(1), 93–104.

33.

Rashid

(2015). Positive psychotherapy: A strength-based approach. The Journal of Positive Psychology, 10(1), 25–40. https://doi.org/10.1080/17439760.2014.920411

34.

Rogers

C. R.

(1961). On becoming a person. Houghton Mifflin.

35.

Seligman

M. E. P.

(1998). Positive social science. APA Monitor, 29(4), 2–5.

36.

Seymenler

Siyez

D. M.

(2018). Infertility counseling. Current Approaches in Psychiatry, 10(2), 176–187. https://doi.org/10.18863/pgy.358095

37.

Sis-Çelik

Kırca

(2018). Prevalence and risk factors for domestic violence against infertile women in a Turkish setting. European Journal of Obstetrics & Gynecology and Reproductive Biology, 231, 111–116. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejogrb.2018.10.032

38.

Walsh

Cassidy

Priebe

(2017). The application of positive psychotherapy in mental health care: A systematic review. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 73(6), 638–651. https://doi.org/10.1002/jclp.22368

39.

Yılmaz

Kavak

(2019). The effect of stigma on depression levels of Turkish women with infertility. Perspectives in Psychiatric Care, 55(3), 378–382. https://doi.org/10.1111/ppc.12319

40.

Yılmaz

Yazıcı

Benli

(2020). Factors associated with infertility distress of infertile women: A cross-sectional study. Journal of Psychosomatic Obstetrics & Gynaecology, 41(4), 275–281. https://doi.org/10.1080/0167482X.2019.1708318

41.

Zeren

Gürsoy

(2019). The importance of dyadic adjustment and quality of life in infertile couples. Journal of Education and Research in Nursing, 16(1), 68–72. https://doi.org/10.5222/HEAD.2019.068