Position Statement: Electroconvulsive Therapy

Day, D. , & Moser, L. ( 1938). Nursing in convulsive therapy. American Journal of Nursing, 38, 878-882.

Janicak, P.G. , Mask, J. , Trimakas, K.A. , & Gibbons , R. (1985). ECT: An assessment of mental health professionals’ knowledge and attitudes . The Journal of Clinical Psychiatry, 46(7), 262-266.

Burns, C.M. & Stuart, G.W. ( 1991). Nursing care in electroconvulsive therapy. Psychiatric Clinics of North America, 14(4), 971-988.

Bowers, L. ( 2005). Reasons for admission and their implications for the nature of acute psychiatric nursing. Journal of Psychiatric Mental Health Nursing, 12(2), 232-236.

Callahan, L. ( 1990). Anesthesia for electroconvulsive therapy. CRNA: The Clinical Forum for Nurse Anesthetists, 1(1), 36-38.

Dillon, P. ( 1995). Electroconvulsive therapy patient/family education. Convulsive Therapy, 11(3), 188-191.

Fitzsimons, L. (1995). Electroconvulsive therapy: What nurses need to know. Journal of Psychosocial Nursing & Mental Health Services, 33(12), 14.

Fitzsimons, L.M. , & Mayer, R.L. (1995). Soaring beyond the cuckoo’s nest: Health care reform and ECT. Journal of Psychosocial Nursing and Mental Health Services, 33(12), 10-13.

Gass, J.P. ( 1998). The knowledge and attitudes of mental health nurses to electro-convulsive therapy. Journal of Advanced Nursing, 27(1), 83-90.

Harrison, B. , & Kaarsemaker , B. (2000). Continuous quality improvement to an electroconvulsive therapy delivery system . Journal of Psychosocial Nursing & Mental Health Services , 38(3), 27-37.

Heffern, W.A. (2000). Psychopharmacological and electroconvulsive treatment of anxiety and depression in the elderly. Journal of Psychiatric and Mental Health Nursing, 7(3), 199-204.

Arkan, B. , & Ustun, B. ( 2008). Examination of the effect of education about electroconvulsive therapy on nursing practice and patient satisfaction. Journal of ECT, 24(4), 254-259.

Brady, B.M. , Laurila, D.R. , Lewis, C.L. , Niemeyer, K.D. , Sun, N.M. , Marienau, M. (2006). Induction of general anesthesia for electroconvulsive therapy: A randomized crossover trial of sevoflurane and thiopental. AANA Journal, 74(5), 392-392.

Byrne, P. , Cassidy, B. , & Higgins, P. ( 2006). Knowledge and attitudes toward electroconvulsive therapy among health care professionals and students. The Journal of ECT, 22(2), 133-138.

Gass, J. ( 2008). Electroconvulsive therapy and the work of mental health nurses: A grounded theory study. International Journal of Nursing Studies, 45(2), 191-202.

Hick, E.M. , & Black, J.L. ( 1999). AANA journal course: Update for nurse anesthetists-Anesthetic management during electroconvulsive therapy: Effects on seizure duration and antidepressant efficacy. Journal of the American Association of Nurse Anesthetists, 67(1), 87-92.

Sethi, S. , & Williams, R.A. (2003). The family caregiving experience of outpatient ECT. Journal of the American Psychiatric Nurses Association, 9(6), 187-194.

Stuart, G.W. (2003). ECT controversy. The American Journal of Nursing, 103(6), 63.

Sanders, L.B. (2006). Assessing and managing women with depression: A midwifery perspective. Journal of Midwifery and Women’s Health, 51(3), 185-192.

Oldewening, K. , Lange, R.T. , Willan, S. , Strangway, C. , Kang, N. , & Iverson, G.L. (2007). Effects of an education training program on attitudes to electroconvulsive therapy. The Journal of ECT, 23(2), 82-88.

Geddes, J. ( 2003). Efficacy and safety of electroconvulsive therapy in depressive disorders: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Lancet 361, 799-808.

Kho, K.H. , van Vreeswijk, M.F. , Simpson, S. , & Zwinderman , A.H. (2003). A meta-analysis of electroconvulsive therapy efficacy in depression. Journal of ECT, 19(3), 139-147.

Pagnin, D. , V. de Queiroz, S. Pini , and G.B. Cassano. "Efficacy of ECT in depression: A meta-analytic review." Journal of ECT 20, no. 1 (Mar, 2004): 13-20.

Trevino, K. , McClintock, S.M. & Husain, M.M. (2010). A review of continuation electroconvulsive therapy: application, safety and efficacy. Journal of ECT, 26(3), 186-95.

Lisanby, S.H. (ed.). 2004. Brain stimulation in psychiatric treatment. American Psychiatric Publishing Inc.: Arlington, VA.

Kellner, C.H. (2007). "Electroconvulsive therapy in a perfect world." Journal of ECT. 23(2), 63-64.

Kellner, C. , Knapp, R. , et al. (2006). "Continuation ECT versus pharmacotherapy for relapse prevention in major depression: A multi-site study from CORE." Archives of General Psychiatry 63, 1337-1344.

Rasmussen, K.G. , D.A. Ryan , and P.S. Mueller. "Blood glucose before and after ECT treatments in Type 2 diabetic patients." Journal of ECT 22, no. 2(2006): 124-6.

Rasmussen, K.G. , Mueller, M. , Kellner, C.H. et al. Patterns of psychotropic medication use among patients with severe depression referred for electroconvulsive therapy: Data from the Consortium for Research on Electroconvulsive Therapy. Journal of ECT 22(2), 116-23.

Merkl, A. , Heuser, I. , & Bajboug, M. ( 2009). Antidepressant electroconvulsive therapy: Mechanism of action, recent advances and limitations. Exploratory Neurology 129(1), 20-6.

Husain, M.M. , Rush, A.J. , Fink, M. , Knapp, R. , Petrides, G. , Rumans, T. , & Biggs, M.M. (2004). Speed of response and remission in major depressive disorder with acute electroconvulsive therapy (ECT): A Consortium for research in ECT (CORE) report. Journal of Clinical Psychiatry, 65(4), 485-491.

Baghai, T.C. & Moller, H.J. (2008). Electroconvulsive therapy and its different indications. Dialogues in Clinical Neuroscience , 10(1), 105-17.

Kellner, C.H. , Tobias, K.G. & Wiegand , J. (2010). Electrode placement in electroconvulsive therapy: A review of the literature . Journal of ECT 26(3), 175-80.

Huuhka, M.J. , Seinela, L. , Reinikainen, P. & Leinonen, E.V.J. Cardiac arrhythmias induced by ECT in elderly psychiatric patients: Experience with 48-Hour holter monitoring. Journal of ECT. 19(1), 22-25.

Taylor, S. ( 2007). Electroconvulsive therapy a review of history, patient selection, technique, and medication management. Southern Medical Journal, 100(5), 494-8.