Human trafficking is internationally recognized as a widespread violation of human rights. This article defines and gives a detailed historical account of the political and social issues surrounding human trafficking. The article explains the role of the advanced practice forensic nurse in recognizing and addressing the needs of victims of human trafficking. The developing roles of the advanced practice psychiatric forensic nurse in collaboration with law enforcement and health care professionals are described with the ultimate goal of restoring the lives of victims of human trafficking.J Am Psychiatr Nurses Assoc, 2009; 14(6), 462-470.
Barrows, J., & Finger, R. (2008). Human trafficking and the healthcare professional . Southern Medical Journal, 101(5), 521-524.
2.
Burke, M.C. (2008, May). Human trafficking: What it is and how nurses can help. Paper presented at the meeting of Nurses: Making a Difference Every Day, Cranberry, PA.
3.
Clark, A.C. (2003). Trafficking in persons: An issue of human security . Journal of Human Development, 4(2), 247-263.
4.
Congressional Research Service. (2008, May 22). S. 306: William Wilberforce trafficking victims protection reauthorization act of 2008. Retrieved August 25, 2008, from http://www.govtrack.us
5.
Federal Bureau of Investigation. (2006, June 12). Human trafficking. Retrieved August 15, 2008, from http://www.fbi.gov
6.
Gajic-Veljanoski, O., & Stewart, D.E. (2007). Women trafficked into prostitution: Determinants, human rights and health needs. Transcultural Psychiatry, 44(3), 338-358.
7.
Gozdziak, E.M., & Collett, E.A. (2005). Research on human trafficking in North America: A review of literature. International Migration, 43(1-2), 99-128.
8.
Hammer, R.M., Moynihan, B., & Pagliaro, E.M. (2006). Forensic nursing: A handbook for practice. Sudbury, MA: Jones and Bartlett.
9.
HumanTrafficking.Org. (2007, April 4). Human trafficking being debated in Annapolis, Maryland , USA. Retrieved August 17, 2008, from http://www.humantrafficking.org
10.
International Association of Chiefs of Police. ( 2006). The crime of human trafficking: A law enforcement guide to identification and investigation. Alexandria, VA: Author.
11.
Joshi, A. (2002). The face of human trafficking. Hastings Women's Law Journal, 17(36), 18-40.
12.
Kangaspunta, K. (2003). Mapping the inhuman trade: Preliminary findings of the Database on Trafficking in Human Beings. Forum on Crime and Society, 3(1-2), 81-102.
13.
Kelly, L. (2002, September). Journeys of Jeopardy: A commentary on current research on trafficking of women and children for sexual exploitation within Europe. Paper presented at the meeting of the EU/IOM European Conference on Preventing and Combating Trafficking in Human Beings, Brussels, Belgium.
14.
Koser, K. (2000). Asylum policies, trafficking and vulnerability . International Migration, 2000, 91-111.
15.
Kul, S., Galvin, R.J., & Morales, O. (2007). Responding to human trafficking in Connecticut: A guide for health-care providers. Connecticut Medicine, 71(8), 495-497.
16.
Lynch, V. (Ed.). (2006). Forensic nursing. St. Louis, MO: Elsevier.
17.
Makkai, T. (2003, May 15). Thematic discussion on trafficking in human beings. Canberra: Australian Institute of Criminology.
18.
Milko, F.T., & Park, G. (2003, March 6). Trafficking in women and children: The U.S. and international response. Washington, DC: Congressional Research Service.
19.
Miller, J.R. (2006, February). Human trafficking and transnational organized crime. Paper presented at the meeting of the Organization of American States, Special Committee on Transnational Organized Crime, Washington, DC.
20.
Moynihan, B.A. (2006). The high cost of human trafficking. Journal of Forensic Nursing, 2(2), 100-101.
21.
SalvationArmy. (2006). How to identify victims of human trafficking. Retrieved December 10, 2006, from http://salvationarmyusa.org
22.
Shelley, L. (2003). Trafficking in women: The business model approach . Brown Journal of World Affairs, 10(1), 119-131.
23.
Sisters of the Divine Savior. (2006, October). Ten guiding principles for the ethical and safe conduct of interviews with women who have been trafficked. Stop Trafficking! , p. 4.
24.
Spear, D.L. (2004). Health care advocate. Human trafficking: A health care perspective. AWHONN Lifelines, 8(4), 314-321.
25.
Truong, T.D. (2001). Human trafficking and organized crime. Unpublished doctoral dissertation, Institute of Social Studies, The Hague, Netherlands.
26.
Tsutsumi, A., Izutsu, T., Poudyal, A., Kato, S., & Marui, E. (2007). Mental health of female survivors of human trafficking in Nepal. Social Science & Medicine, 66, 1841-1847.
27.
United Nations. (2000). Protocol to prevent, suppress and punish trafficking in persons, especially women and children, supplementing the United Nations Convention Against Transnational Organized Crime. Washington, DC: Government Printing Office.
28.
UN Office of Drugs and Crime. (2008). UNODC and human trafficking. Retrieved August 17, 2008, from http://www.unodc.org
29.
United Nations. (2006). Toolkit to combat trafficking in persons [Brochure]. New York: Author.
30.
UN Office of Drugs and Crime. (2008). UNODC and human trafficking. Retrieved August 17, 2008, from http://www.unodc.org
31.
U.S. Agency for International Development. ( 2006, March). Trafficking in persons: USAID's response. Washington, DC: Author.
32.
U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. ( 2005). Trafficking Victims Protection Act of 2000 fact sheet . Washington, DC: Author.
33.
U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. ( 2006). Rescue & restore campaign tool kits. Retrieved August 28, 2008, fromhttp://www.acf.hhs.gov/trafficking/campaign_kits/index.html
34.
U.S. Department of State. (2006, June). Trafficking in persons report. Washington, DC: Author.
35.
U.S. Department of State. (2008, June 4). 2008 trafficking in persons report. Washington, DC: Author.
36.
U.S. Senate. (2007, December 5). William Wilberforce Trafficking Victims Protection Reauthorization Act of 2007. Washington, DC: Author .
37.
Vayrynen, R. (2005, November). Illegal immigration, human trafficking, and organized crime. Retrieved March 30, 2008, from http://freerepublic.com
