Birkenaes, A.B., Opjordsmoen, S., Brunborg, C., Engh, J.A., Jonsdottir, H., Ringen, P.A., et al. (2007). The level of cardiovascular risk factors in bipolar disorder equals that of schizophrenia: A comparative study. Journal of Clinical Psychiatry, 68, 917-923.
2.
Colton, C., & Manderscheid, R. (2006). Congruencies in increased mortality rates, years of potential life lost, and causes of death among public mental health clients in eight states. Preventing Chronic Disease: Public Health Research, Practice and Policy, 3. Retrieved July 22, 2008, from http://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2006/apr/05_0180.htm
3.
de Leon J., & Diaz, F. (2005). A meta-analysis of worldwide studies demonstrates an association between schizophrenia and tobacco smoking behaviors. Schizophrenia Research, 76, 135-157.
4.
El-Guebaly, N., Cathcart, J., Currie, S., Brown, D., & Gloster, S. (2002). Smoking cessation approaches for persons with mental illness or addictive disorders. Psychiatric Services , 53, 1166-1170.
5.
Grant, B.F., Hasin, D.S., Chou, S.P., Stinson, F.S., & Dawson, D.A. (2004). Nicotine dependence and psychiatric disorders in the United States: Results from the national epidemiologic survey on alcohol and related conditions. Archives of General Psychiatry, 61, 1107-1115.
6.
Hennekens, C.H., Hennekens, A.R., Hollar, D., & Casey, D.E. (2005). Schizophrenia and increased risk of cardiovascular disease. American Heart Journal, 150, 1115-1121.
7.
Lasser, K., Wesley Boyd, J., Woolhandler, S., Himmelstein, D.U., McCormick, D., & Bor, D.H. (2000). Smoking and mental illness: A population-based prevalence study. Journal of the American Medical Association , 284, 2606-2610.
8.
Leffingwell, T.R., & Babitzke, A.C. (2006). Tobacco intervention practices of licensed psychologists. Journal of Clinical Psychology , 62, 313-323.
9.
Newcomer, J.W. (2006). Medical risk in patients with bipolar disorder and schizophrenia. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 67(Suppl. 9), 25-30.
10.
Poirier, M.-F., Canceil, O., Baylé, F., Millet, B., Bourdel, M.-C., Moatti, C., Olie, J.-P., & Attar-Levy, D. (2002). Prevalence of smoking in psychiatric patients. Progress in Neuro-Psychopharmacology and Biological Psychiatry, 26, 529-537.
11.
Price, J.H., Jordan, T.R., Jeffrey, J.D., Stanley, M.S., & Price, J.A. (2008). Tobacco intervention training in graduate psychiatric nursing education programs. JAPNA, 14, 117-124.
12.
Tobacco Dependence Survey. (2008). Retrieved July 16, 2008, from http://www.apna.org/i4a/pages/index.cfm?pageid=3654
13.
Weinberger, A.H., Reutenauer, E.L., Vessicchio, J.C., & George, T.P. (2008). Survey of clinician attitudes toward smoking cessation for psychiatric and substance abusing clients. Journal of Addictive Diseases, 27, 55-63.