With widespread use of pepperspray by public safety and corrections agencies, injuries have occurred and questions have been raised about the safety and toxicity of oleoresin capsicum and the active ingredient, capsaicin. There are no published studies of the human health effects of pepperspray used for aerosol restraint. This article reviews current knowledge and experience concerning the health effects of pepperspray and capsaicin. Studies of the effects of capsaicin on human physiology, anecdotal experience with field use of pepperspray, and controlled exposure of correctional officers in training have shown adverse effects on the lungs, larynx, middle airway, protective reflexes, and skin. Behavioral and mental health effects also may occur if pepperspray is used abusively.
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