The Intersection of Incarceration and Reproductive Health: Contraceptive Perspectives of Women in Rural Maine Jails

Abstract

The U.S. carceral health care system presents a unique opportunity to expand reproductive health services. Evidence suggests that women incarcerated in jails want to initiate contraception, but access varies across facilities and is limited by concerns about cost, reproductive coercion, and a lack of consistent policies. To better understand the reproductive health needs of rural incarcerated women, a cross-sectional study of women incarcerated in four rural Maine jails was conducted using a 59-question survey on contraceptive history, needs, and preferences. Seventy-three women with complex histories of trauma, substance use, and poor reproductive health outcomes completed the survey. There were low rates of contraceptive use prior to incarceration. Thirty-nine percent plan to use contraception following release despite only 15% desiring pregnancy. Most respondents felt that women incarcerated in jails should have access to permanent sterilization but were concerned about coercion.