Safety of intramuscular tixagevimab-cilgavimab (Evusheld ® ) administration in patients at risk of iatrogenic haematoma due to haematological disorders

Abstract

Introduction

Traditionally, intramuscular (IM) injections have been avoided in patients with haematological diseases due to the risk of iatrogenic haematoma. Tixagevimab-cilgavimab (Evusheld^®) is a novel monoclonal antibody combination used as preexposure prophylaxis against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), for those at highest risk of severe infections. It is delivered as two separate IM injections (1.5 mL each). Patients with haematological disease are at higher risk for severe SARS-CoV-2 infections, which may be partially abrogated by the prophylactic inoculation of tixagevimab-cilgavimab.

Methods

A combined retrospective and prospective study of patients under the haematology service at a large metropolitan hospital receiving tixagevimab-cilgavimab was conducted. Tixagevimab-cilgavimab was administered IM to all patients, with platelet and factor replacement provided according to local protocols. Patients completed a numerical pain score daily for seven days following the injection, with scores ≥4/10 prompting an ultrasound to identify iatrogenic gluteal haematomas.

Results

The study recruited 131 patients; 66 patients were thrombocytopenic, including 10 patients with a platelet count <30 × 10⁹/L. Fourteen patients (10.7%) received a single platelet transfusion prior to tixagevimab-cilgavimab administration, while two patients received fresh frozen plasma. No gluteal haematomas were identified, and only two patients reported an initial pain score of ≥4/10.

Conclusions

The intramuscular administration of tixagevimab-cilgavimab in patients with haematological diseases was well tolerated and was not associated with iatrogenic haematoma.