Newly approved anti-CD19 monoclonal antibodies for the treatment of relapsed or refractory diffuse large B-cell lymphoma

Abstract

Objective: This article summarizes the background, clinical trials, and place in therapy for the first two anti-CD19 monoclonal antibodies that have been recently FDA approved for patients with relapsed/refractory (R/R) diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL). Summary: Treatment options are limited for patients that have relapsed after or are ineligible for autologous stem cell transplant (ASCT) or chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cell therapy. Recent novel therapy approvals have started to change management strategies and outcomes for these patients. Two examples of recent FDA approvals are tafasitamab and loncastuximab tesirine, which represent the first anti-CD19 targeting monoclonal antibodies for patients with R/R DLBCL. Tafasitamab was granted accelerated approval in combination with lenalidomide for adult patients with R/R DLBCL after one or more lines of therapy based on the phase 2, L-MIND trial. Loncastuximab tesirine was granted accelerated approval for adult patients with R/R DLBCL after two or more lines of therapy based on the phase 2, LOTIS-2 trial. The place in therapy and sequencing of these agents can present a challenge to prescribers especially in regards to patients being evaluated for CD19 targeting CAR T-cell therapy. Conclusion: Tafasitamab and loncastuximab tesirine are options for use in patients with R/R DLBCL and are welcome additions to the limited therapy options for these patients. Further data is needed to elucidate sequencing and the impact these agents may have on CAR T-cell therapy. Ongoing clinical trials are studying these agents in the upfront setting in combination with other chemoimmunotherapy agents which may further expand treatment options for patients with B-cell lymphomas.