In 30 investigated cities, business groups tend not to support leaders who favor poor- oriented redistributive policies, but the degree to which this is so varies greatly from city to city. Although business groups tend to be less supportive of leaders favoring redistributive policies than other city groups are, business groups sometimes support more moderate leaders in cities where organizational opposition to redistributively oriented leaders is strong. This suggests that preferences of organizations in cities should not be assumed, but studied empirically. Only then can the influence of such organizations on policy outputs be determined for a particular case.
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