Ongoing debate in North America concerns the effectiveness and efficiency of planning policy at the metropolitan level. Current quantitative research on the deployment of employment across metropolitan areas tends to assume that it is governed by market forces (as expressed through a variety of location factors). However,there are also calls for a form of metropolitan regionalism, for a consistent metropolitan policy framework to guide development and avoid sprawl. In the context of these methodological,interpretative,and policy debates,the authors examine whether the deployment of jobs across the Paris region,which has had a clear and consistent regional planning framework over the past 30 years,has been influenced by this policy. They conclude that over the 1978 to 1994 period,the suburbanization of jobs has been effectively channeled by the policy framework put in place in 1965. Hence, policy matters.
Get full access to this article
View all access options for this article.
References
1.
Anas,A. 1999. The costs and benefits of fragmented metropolitan governance and the new regionalist policies. Planning and Markets2 (1). Retrieved from http://www-pam.usc.edu
2.
Bekouche,P.,and E. Vire. 1998. La recomposition du centre économique parisien. In Données Urbaines, vol. 2, edited by D. Pumain and M.-F. Mattei, 287-296. Paris: Anthropos.
3.
Bollotte, L. 1990. Transport in Paris and the Ile de France. Built Environment17 (2): 160-171.
4.
Bourne,L. 1992. Self-fulfilling prophecies? Decentralization,inner city decline,and the quality of urban life. APA Journal58 (2): 509-513.
5.
Castells,M.,and P. Hall. 1994. Technopoles of the world: The making of 21st century industrial complexes. London: Routledge Kegan Paul.
6.
Cervero,R. 1995. Planned communities,self-containment and commuting: A cross-national perspective. Urban Studies32 (7): 1135-1161.
7.
Chevalier,H. 1999. Les villes nouvelles,quell avenir? In Emploi et Territoires en Ile-de-France: Prospective, edited by V. Gollain and A. Sallez, 169-188. Paris: Éditions de l'Aube.
8.
Coffey, W. 2000. The geographies of producer services. Urban Geography21 (2): 170-183.
9.
Coffey,W.,and R. Shearmur. 1998. The growth and location of high order services in the Canadian urban system, 1971-1991. Professional Geographer49 (1): 404-418.
10.
Coffey,W.,and R. Shearmur. 2001. The identification of employment centres in Canadian metropolitan areas: The example of Montreal, 1996. Canadian Geographer45 (3): 371-386.
Forstall,R.,and R. Greene. 1997. Defining job concentrations: The Los Angeles case. Urban Geography18:705-739.
13.
Fouchier, V. 1998a. Le polycentrisme: du concept au concret. Urbanisme301:53-59.
14.
Fouchier, V. 1998b. Y a-t-il eu une périurbanisation autour des villes nouvellesfranciliennes entre 1975 et 1996? In Villes Nouvelles. Paris: Ministère de l'Équipement. Retrieved from http://www.villes-nouvelles.equipement.gouv.fr
15.
Fouchier, V. 1999a. Les objectifs: Pourquoi avoir planifié les villes nouvelles? In Villes Nouvelles. Paris: Ministère de l'Équipement. Retrieved from http://www.villes-nouvelles.equipement.gouv.fr
Garreau, J. 1991. Edge cities. New York: Doubleday.
18.
Glasmeier,A. 2002. One nation,pulling apart: The basis of persistent poverty in the USA. Progress in Human Geography26 (2): 155-173.
19.
Gordon,P.,A. Kumar,and H. Richardson. 1989. The influence of metropolitan spatial structure on commuting time. Journal of Urban Economics26:138-151.
20.
Gordon,P.,H. Richardson,and M.-J. Jun. 1991. The commuting paradox: Evidence from the top twenty. APA Journal57 (4): 416-421.
21.
Guérois,M.,and R. Le Goix. 2000. La multipolarité dans les espaces métropolitains. In Données Urbaines, vol. 3, edited by D. Pumain and M.-F. Mattei, 235-249. Paris: Anthropos.
22.
Institut d'Aménagement et d'Urbanisme de la Région Ile-de-France (IAURIF). 1989. Villes Nouvelles d'Ile de France, Les Cahiers de l'Institut d'Aménagement et d'Urbanisme de la Région Ile-de-France. No. 87/88. Paris: IAURIF.
23.
Institut d'Aménagement et d'Urbanisme de la Région Ile-de-France (IAURIF). 1994. Des Schémas Porteurs d'Avenir, Les Cahiers de l'Institut d'Aménagement et d'Urbanisme de la Région Ile-de-France. No. 108. Paris: IAURIF.
24.
Institut d'Aménagement et d'Urbanisme de la Région Ile-de-France (IAURIF). 1996. Cinquième Enquête Régionale sur l'Emploi. Paris: IAURIF.
25.
Ingram,G. 1998. Patterns of metropolitan development: What have we learned? Urban Studies35 (7): 1019-1035.
26.
Markusen,A.,K. Chapple,G. Schrok,D. Yamamoto,and P. Yu. 2001. High-tech and I-tech: How metros rank and specialise. Minneapolis,MN: Hubert H. Humphrey Institute of Public Affairs.
27.
Mitchell-Weaver,C.,D. Miller,and R. Deal Jr. 2000. Multilevel governance and metropolitan regionalism in the USA. Urban Studies37 (5-6): 851-876.
28.
Moulaert,F.,and C. Gallouj. 1996. Advanced producer services in the French space economy: Decentralisation at the highest level. Progress in Planning23 (2-3): 139-153.
29.
Moulaert,F.,and F. Todtling. 1996. Conclusions and prospects. Progress in Planning23 (2-3): 261-274.
Pfister,N.,R. Freestone,and P. Murphy. 2000. Polycentricity or dispersion? Changes in center employment in metropolitan Sydney, 1981 to 1996. Urban Geography21 (5): 428-442.
32.
Piercy,P. 1999. La Défense: 1958-1998,de la banlieue au pôle majeur de la région capitale. L'Information géographique1999 (1): 33-36.
33.
Schéma Directeur d'Aménagement et d'Urbanisme (SDAU). 1965. Paris: La Documentation Française.
34.
Schéma Directeur de la Région Ile-de-France. 1994. Paris: IAURIF.
35.
Shearmur,R.,and C. Alvergne. 2002. Intrametropolitan patterns of high-order business service location: A comparative study of seventeen sectors in Ile-De-France. Urban Studies39 (7): 1143-1163.
36.
Shearmur,R.,and W. Coffey. 2002. A tale of four cities: Intra-metropolitan employment distribution in Montreal,Toronto,Vancouver and Ottawa 1981-1996. Environment and Planning A34 (4): 575-598.
37.
Stanback, T. 1991. The new suburbanization. Boulder, CO: Westview.
38.
Thurow,L. 1996. The future of capitalism: How today's economic forces shape tomorrow's world. New York: Penguin.
39.
Tickell,A. 1999. The geographies of services: New wine in old bottles. Progress in Human Geography23 (4): 633-639.
40.
Urbanisme. 1956. Paris et sa Région. No. 51. Paris: Revue Urbanisme.
