Ellen Pence helped build the foundation of batterer programming with the Duluth program. The program forged new ground and bridged the concerns of advocates and criminal justice officials by developing its “Power and Control Wheel” from women’s experiences with abuse. Its dialogical format, responding to vignettes and control logs, helps to engage men in a reflective process, to monitor their behavior, and to identify alternative outlooks and responses. At the same time, Ellen’s work remains rooted in a gender analysis and a coordinated community response. Critics of Duluth programming miss the mark with a distorted caricature of Duluth, neglect of substantiating research, and the bias from their own personal agendas. Ellen’s personal touch of insightful humor and personal interest has helped to move forward the lessons of Duluth and the field itself. Her groundbreaking program helps to sort through the disarray of approaches among batterer programs today.
Babcock, J.C., Green, C.E., & Robie, C. ( 2004). Does batterers’ treatment work? A meta-analytic review of domestic violence treatment outcome research. Clinical Psychology Review, 23, 1023-1053.
2.
Beck, J. ( 1995). Cognitive therapy: Basics and beyond. New York: Guilford.
3.
Bennett, L., Stoops, C., Call, C., & Flett, H. ( 2007). Program completion and re-arrest in a batterer intervention system. Research on Social Work Practice, 17, 42-54.
4.
Caesar, P.L., &. Hamberger, L.K. (1989). Introduction: Brief historical overview of intervention for wife abuse in the United States. In P. L. Caesar & L. K. Hamberger (Eds.), Treating men who batter: Theory, practice, and programs (pp. xxvii-xxxii ). New York: Springer .
5.
Corvo, K., Dutton, D., & Chen, W. ( 2008). Toward evidence-based practice with domestic violence perpetrators. Journal of Aggression Maltreatment & Trauma , 16, 111-130.
6.
Crowley, J. ( 2009). Fathers’ rights groups, domestic violence and political countermobilization. Social Forces, 88, 723-756.
7.
DeKeseredy, W. ( 2000). Current controversies in defining nonlethal violence against women in intimate heterosexual relationships: Empirical implications . Violence Against Women, 6, 705-727.
8.
DeKeseredy, W.S., & Dragiewicz, M. (2007). Understanding the complexities of feminist perspectives on woman abuse: A commentary on Donald G. Dutton’s Rethinking Domestic Violence. Violence Against Women, 13, 874-884.
9.
DeKeseredy, W.S., & Schwartz, M.D. (2003). Backlash and whiplash: A critique of Canada’s general social science survey on victimization . Online Journal of Justice Studies, 1. Available from http://ojjs.icaap.org
10.
Dobash, R.E., Dobash, R.P., Cavanaugh, K., & Lewis, R. ( 2000). Changing violent men. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
11.
Dragiewicz, M. ( 2008). Patriarchy reasserted: Fathers’ rights and anti-VAWA activism. Feminist Criminology, 3, 121-144.
12.
Dutton, D., & Corvo, K. ( 2006). Transforming a flawed policy: A call to revive psychology and science in domestic violence research and practice. Aggression and Violent Behavior, 11, 457-483.
13.
Elkin, I., Shea, M., & Watkins, J. ( 1989). The National Institute of Mental Health treatment of depression collaborative research program: General effectiveness of treatments . Archives of General Psychiatry, 46, 971-982.
14.
Feder, L., & Wilson, D. ( 2005). A meta-analytic review of court-mandated batterer intervention programs: Can courts affect abusers’ behavior? Journal of Experimental Criminology, 1, 239-262.
15.
Gilberg, J., Nevilles-Sorell, J., Olson, T., Rock, B., Sandman, B., Skye, B., et al. (2003). Addressing domestic violence in Indian country: Introductory manual. Duluth, MN: Domestic Abuse Intervention Program. Retrieved July 8, 2010, from http://www.theduluthmodel.org/mendingsacredhoop.php
16.
Gondolf, E. ( 2002). Batterer intervention systems: Issues, outcomes, and recommendations. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
17.
Gondolf, E. ( 2007). Theoretical and research support for the Duluth model: A reply to Dutton and Corvo. Aggression and Violent Behavior , 12, 644-657.
18.
Gondolf, E. ( 2010, November). Physical tactics of female partners of male batterer program participants and program outcome. Paper presented at the Annual Meeting of the American Society of Criminology , San Francisco, CA.
19.
Gondolf, E., Chang, Y., & Laporte, R. ( 1999). Capture-recapture analysis of batterer reassaults: An epidemiological innovation for batterer program evaluation. Violence and Victims, 14, 191-202.
20.
Gondolf, E., & Jones, A. ( 2001). The program effect of batterer programs in three cities . Violence and Victims, 16, 693-704.
21.
Gondolf, E., & White, R. ( 2001). Batterer program participants who repeatedly reassault: Psychopathic tendencies and other disorders. Journal of Interpersonal Violence, 16, 361-380.
22.
Harway, M., & Hansen, M. ( 1993). Therapists’ perceptions of family violence. In M. Hansen & M. Harway (Eds.), Battering and family therapy: A feminist perspective (pp. 42-53). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
23.
Heckert, A., & Gondolf, E. ( 2000). Assessing assault self-reports by batterer program participants and their partners. Journal of Family Violence, 15, 181-197.
24.
Heckert, A., & Gondolf, E. ( 2004). Battered women’s perceptions of risk versus risk factors and instruments in predicting repeat reassault. Journal of Interpersonal Violence, 19, 778-800.
25.
Houry, D., Rhodes, K., Kemball, R., Click, L., Cerulli, C., McNutt, L.A., et al. (2008). Differences in female and male victims and perpetrators of partner violence with respect to WEB scores. Journal of Interpersonal Violence, 23, 1041-1055.
26.
Johnson, M. ( 2008). A typology of domestic violence: Intimate terrorism, violent resistance, and situational couple violence. Boston : Northeastern University Press.
27.
Jones, A., D’Agostino, R., Gondolf, E., & Heckert, A. ( 2004). Assessing the effect of batterer program completion on reassault using propensity scores. Journal of Interpersonal Violence, 19, 1002-1020.
28.
Landenberger, N., & Lipsey, M. ( 2005). The positive effects of cognitive-behavioral programs for offenders: A meta-analysis of factors associated with effective treatment . Journal of Experimental Criminology, 1, 451-476.
29.
Larance, L. ( 2006). Serving women who use force in their intimate heterosexual relationships: An extended view. Violence Against Women, 12, 622-640.
30.
Luborsky, L., Rosenthal, R., & Diguer, L. ( 2002). The Dodo Bird verdict is alive and well- mostly. Clinical Psychology: Science and Practice, 9, 2-12.
31.
Mederos, F. ( 2002). Changing our visions of intervention: The evolution of programs for physically abusive men. In E. Aldarondo & F. Mederos (Eds.), Programs for men who batter: Intervention and prevention strategies in a diverse society (pp. 1/1-1/23). Kingston, NJ: Civic Research Institute.
32.
Monahan, J., Steadman, H., Silver, E., Appelbaum, P., Robbins, P., Mulvey, E., et al. (2001). Rethinking risk assessment: The MacArthur study of mental disorder and violence. New York: Oxford University Press.
33.
Paymar, M., & Barnes, G. ( 2009). Countering confusion about the Duluth model. Minneapolis, MN: Battered Women’s Justice Project . Retrieved July 8, 2010, from http://www.bwjp.org/files/bwjp/articles/Countering_Confusion_Duluth_Model.pdf
34.
Pence, E. ( 1989). Batterer programs: Shifting from community collusion to community confrontation. In P. L. Caesar & L. K. Hamberger (Eds.), Treating men who batter: Theory, practice, and programs (pp. 24-50). New York: Springer.
35.
Pence, E. ( 2001). Advocacy on behalf of battered women: Collaborating for women’s safety: Partnerships between research and practice. In C. M. Renzetti, J. L., Edleson, & R. K. Bergen (Eds.), Sourcebook on violence against women (pp. 329-344). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
36.
Pence, E. ( 2002). The Duluth Domestic Abuse Intervention Project. In E. Aldarondo & F. Mederos (Eds.), Programs for men who batter: Intervention and prevention strategies in a diverse society (pp. 6/1-6/46). Kingston, NJ: Civic Research Institute.
37.
Pence, E., & Paymar, M. ( 1993). Education groups for men who batter: The Duluth model . New York: Springer.
38.
Pence, E., & Paymar, M. ( 2003). Creating a process of change for men who batter: The Duluth curriculum. Duluth: Minnesota Program Development. Available from http://www.Duluth-Model.org
39.
Pence, E., & Shepard, M. ( 1999). Developing a coordinated community response. In M. Shepard & E. Pence (Eds.), Coordinating community responses to domestic violence: Lessons from Duluth and beyond (pp. 3-25). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
40.
Pheifer, P. ( 2010, April 18). A voice for abuse victims. Star Tribune. Retrieved July 8, 2010, from http://www.startribune.com/lifestyle/family/91279944.html
41.
Project MATCH Research Group. (1997). Matching alcoholism treatments to client heterogeneity: Project MATCH posttreatment drinking outcome. Journal of Studies on Alcohol, 58, 7-29.
42.
Schechter, S. ( 1982). Women and male violence. Boston: South End Press.
43.
Shepard, M., & Pence, E. (Eds.). (1999). Coordinating community responses to domestic violence: Lessons from Duluth and beyond. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
44.
Smedslund, G., Dalsbo, T., Steiro, A., Winsvold, A., & Clench-Aas, J. (2007, July). Cognitive behavioural therapy for men who physically abuse their female partner. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews (Issue 3, Article No. CD006048). Available from http://www.cochranelibrary.com
45.
Smith, P., Tessaro, I., & Earp, J. ( 1995). Women’s experiences with battering: A conceptualization from qualitative research. Women’s Health Issues, 5, 173-182.
46.
Smyth, K., & Goodman, L. ( 2006). The full-frame approach: A new response to marginalized women left behind by specialized services. American Journal of Orthopsychiatry, 76, 489-502.
47.
Smyth, K., & Schorr, L. ( 2009). A lot to lose: A call to rethink what constitutes "evidence" in finding social interventions that work (Harvard Kennedy School of Government Working Paper Series). Cambridge, MA: Harvard University. Retrieved July 8, 2010, http://www.hks.harvard.edu/socpol/publications_main.html
48.
Swan, S., & Snow, D. ( 2006). The development of a theory of women’s use of violence in intimate relationships. Violence Against Women, 12, 1026-1045.
49.
Tolman, R. ( 1999). The validation of the Psychological Maltreatment of Women Inventory. Violence and Victims, 14, 25-38.
50.
Visher, C., Newmark, L., & Harrell, A. ( 2008). The evaluation of the judicial oversight demonstration: Findings and lessons on implementation. Washington, DC: National Institute of Justice. Retrieved July8, 2010, http://www.ojp.usdoj.gov/nij/pubs-sum/219077.htm
51.
White, R., & Gondolf, E. ( 2000). Implications of personality profiles for batterer treatment: Support for the gender-based, cognitive-behavioral approach. Journal of Interpersonal Violence, 15, 467-488.
52.
Wilson, D., Bouffard, L., & MacKenzie, D. ( 2005). A quantitative review of structured group-oriented, cognitive-behavioral programs for offenders. Criminal Justice and Behavior, 32, 172-204.
