Although there is a growing number of studies on intimate partner violence (IPV) in U.S. South Asian communities, the examination of IPV among Nepali women in the United States is still in the initial stage. The purpose of this study was to assess the prevalence of and vulnerabilities to IPV among 45 Nepali immigrant women residing in the New York metropolitan area. The findings demonstrated that 75.6% of women had been verbally insulted by their current partners, and 62.2% had to seek permission from their partners to go to their friends' or relatives' houses.
Abraham, M. (1995). Ethnicity, gender, and marital violence: South Asian women's organizations. Gender & Society, 9, 450-468.
2.
Abraham, M. (2000). Speaking the unspeakable: Marital violence among South Asian immigrants in the United States. New Brunswick, NJ: Rutgers University Press.
3.
Ahmad, F., Riaz, S., Barata, P., & Stewart, D.E. (2004). Patriarchal beliefs and perceptions of abuse among South Asian immigrant women. Violence Against Women, 10, 262-282.
4.
Apsler, R., Cummins, M.R., & Carl, S. (2002). Fear and expectations: Differences among female victims of domestic violence who come to the attention of the police. Violence and Victims, 17, 445-453.
5.
Bachman, R., & Saltzman, L.E. (1995). Violence against women: Estimates from the redesigned National Crime Victimization Survey. Washington, DC: U.S. Department of Justice, Bureau of Justice Statistics.
6.
Berry, D.B. (1998). The domestic violence sourcebook: Everything you need to know. Los Angeles: Lowell House.
7.
Bui, H.N. (2004). In the adopted land: Abused immigrant women and the criminal justice system. Westport, CT: Praeger.
8.
Central Bureau of Statistics. (2001). Population census. Kathamandu, Nepal: His Majesty's Government.
9.
Crowell, N. A., & Burgess, A. W. (Eds.). (1996). Understanding violence against women. Washington, DC: National Academy Press.
10.
Dasgupta, S.D. (2000). Charting the course: An overview of domestic violence in the South Asian community in the United States. Journal of Social Distress and the Homeless, 9, 173-185.
11.
Dasgupta, S.D. (2005). Women's realities: Defining violence against women by immigrants' race and class. In N. J. Sokoloff & C. Pratt (Eds.), Domestic violence at the margins: Readings on race, class, gender, and culture (pp. 56-70). New Brunswick, NJ: Rutgers University Press.
12.
Dasgupta, S.D., & Warrier, S. (1996). In the footsteps of Arundhati: Asian Indian women's experience of domestic violence in the United States. Violence Against Women, 2, 238-259.
13.
Deuba, A.R., & Rana, P.S. (2001). A study on the psycho-social impacts of violence against women and girls with special focus on rape, incest and polygamy. Kathmandu, Nepal: SATHI and SNV/ Nepal.
Dobash, R.P., & Dobash, R.E. (1979). Violence against wives: A case against the patriarchy . New York: Free Press.
16.
Federal Bureau of Investigation. (2000). Crime in the United States, 2000. Uniform Crime Reports. Retrieved May 31, 2007, from http://www.fbi.gov/pressrel/pressrel01/cius2000.htm
17.
Frankfort-Nachmias, C., & Nachmias, D. (2000). Research methods in the social sciences. New York: Worth.
18.
Greenfield, L.A., Rand, M.R., Craven, D., Klaus, P.A., Perkins, C.A.Ringel, C., et al. (1998). Violence by intimates: Analysis of data on crimes by current or former spouses, boyfriends, and girlfriends. Washington, DC: U.S. Department of Justice.
19.
Haq, M.U. (1997). Human development in South Asia 1997. Karachi, Pakistan: Oxford University Press.
20.
Krishnan, S.P., Hilbert, J.C., VanLeeuwen, D., & Kolia, R. (1997). Documenting domestic violence among ethnically diverse populations: Results from a preliminary study. Family and Community Health, 20, 32-49.
21.
Lawrence, L.A. (1994). Brave-and battered: Abuse turns South Asian women's new lives upside down in the U.S. Far Eastern Economic Review , 157, 48-89.
22.
Leonard, K.I. (1997). The new Americans: The South Asian Americans. Westport, CT: Greenwood.
23.
Malla, S.P., Shrestha, I., Shrestha, A., Khadka, B., & Singh, I. (1999). Violence against women and girls in Nepal. In F. M. Cheung et al. (Eds.), Breaking the silence: Violence against women in Asia (pp. 139-151). Hong Kong, China: Elite Business Service.
24.
McCue, M.L. (1995). Domestic violence: A reference handbook. Santa Barbara, CA: ABC-CLIO.
25.
Mehrotra, M. (1999). The social construction of wife abuse: Experience of Asian Indian women in the United States. Violence Against Women, 5, 619-640.
26.
Pradhan, P. (2002, August 18). In the land of opportunities, Nepali émigrés shy away from risks. The Kathmandu Post. Retrieved January 25, 2004, from http://www.kantipuronline.com/archive/kpost/2002-8-20/kp_frontpg.htm#
27.
Raj, A., Livramento, K.N., Santana, M.C., Gupta, J., & Silverman, J.G. (2006) Victims of intimate partner violence more likely to report abuse from in-laws. Violence Against Women, 12, 936-948.
28.
Raj, A., & Silverman, J.G. (2002a). Intimate partner violence against South Asian women in greater Boston. Journal of the American Medical Women's Association, 57, 111-114.
29.
Raj, A., & Silverman, J.G. (2002b). Violence against immigrant women: The roles of culture, context, and legal immigrant status on intimate partner violence. Violence Against Women, 8, 367-397.
30.
Raj, A., Silverman, J.G., McCleary-Sills, J., & Liu, R. (2005). Immigration policies increase South Asian immigrant women's vulnerability to intimate partner violence. Journal of the American Medical Women's Association, 60, 26-32.
31.
Raj, A., Silverman, J.G., Wingood, G.M., & Diclemente, R.J. (1999). Prevalence and correlates of relationship abuse among a community-based sample of low-income AfricanAmerican women. Violence Against Women, 5, 272-291.
32.
Rana-Deuba, A. (1997). A situational analysis of violence against women and girls in Nepal. Kathmandu, Nepal: SATHI and The Asia Foundation.
33.
Ranjeet, B., & Purkayastha, B. (2007). Minority within a minority: Reflecting on marital violence in the Nepali American community. In S. D. Dasgupta (Ed.), Body evidence: Intimate violence against South Asian women in America (pp. 38-52). New Brunswick, NJ: Rutgers University Press.
34.
Shrestha, M.N. (1995). Nepalese in America: A historical perspective . In Nepalese American perspectives (pp. 115-124). Cincinnati, OH: Association of Nepalese in America .
35.
Straus, M.A. (2004). Cross-cultural reliability and validity of the revised Conflict Tactics Scales: A study of university student dating couples in 17 nations. Cross Cultural Research, 38, 407-432.
36.
Straus, M.A., Hamby, S.L., Boney-McCoy, S., Sugarman, D.B. (1996). The revised Conflict Tactics Scale (CTS2): Development and preliminary psychometric data. Journal of Family Issues , 17, 283-316.
37.
Subedi, P. (1997). Nepali women rising. Kathmandu , Nepal: Sahayogi Press.
38.
U.S. Census Bureau. (2000). The Asian population: 2000. Retrieved January 25, 2005, from http://www.census.gov/prod/2002pubs/c2kbr01-16.pdf
39.
United Nations Development Program. (1997). Human development report 1997. New York: Author.
40.
Warrier, S. (2000). Social, legal, and community challenges facing South Asian immigrant women. In S. Nankani (Ed.), Breaking the silence (pp. 89-97). Philadelphia : Xlibris.
